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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the parts of the pyramidal motor system |
1. Cerebral 2. Motor 3. Spinal |
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Where are cerebral motor neurons found? What kind of neurons are they? What tract do they belong to? Do they decussate? |
1. Cell bodies are found in precentral cortex 2. UMNs 3. Axons form Corticospinal Tract. Yes, they decussate in the lower medulla. |
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Where are motor neurons found? What kind of neurons are they? What do they form? |
1. Alpha motor neurons found in ant horn of gray matter of spinal cord. 2. LMNs 3. Axons form motor part of a spinal nerve. |
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What are nerves do spinal nerves contain? |
Mixed - contains motor, sensory, autonomic |
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Which cranial nerves have motor function? |
CN 3- Mixed - motor + parasymp CN4 - Motor CN5c- Mixed - Motor + sensory CN 6 - Motor CN 7- Mixed- motor + sensory + parasympathetics CN9- Mixed - motor + sensory + parasympathetics CN 10- mixed - Motor + Sensory + parasympathetic Xl- motor Xll- motor |
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Pyramidal tract problem: UMN Lesion |
Weakness/Paralysis Clonus Babinski's sign (extensor response) Spasticity (Clasp knife) Hypertonicity Hyperreflexia |
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Pyramidal tract problem: LMN Lesion |
Weakness Wasting Hypotonicity Hyporeflexia Fasciculations Paresis/Paralysis (-plegia) * Upper spares upper (facial nerve)- as UMN distributes to nucleus of CN7, which is both contralat & ipsilat to face. Contralateral part only to nucleus of lower face. |
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Extrapyramidal |
Cerebellum Basal Nuclei |
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Where is the cerebellum found |
1. In the posterior cranial fossa > Posterior to pons and medulla Mid Cerebellar - Pons Inf Cerebella - Medulla (4th ventricle b/wn brainstem & cerebellum) |
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Name the parts of the cerebellum and what are they responsible for. |
Vestibulocerebellum (connected to vestibular sys) - balance Spinocerebellum - Muscle tone & posture Cerebrocerebellum - Muscular coordination planning movement |
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If you get a lesion at the vestibulocerebellum. what problems will you have (MIDLINE LESION) |
Trunk ataxia (Truncal Ataxia means impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharnyx, larnyx, and other structures) Loss of balance Nystagmus |
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If you get a lesion at Spinocerebellum and cerebrocerebellum, what problems will you have? |
(Lateral Lesion - Cerebrocerebellum) > Ipsilateral (one side) > No muscular weakness > But intention tremor + unsteady gait, no sensory deficit Spinocerebellar >Intention tremor >Nystagmus >Dysdiadochokinesia |
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Name the parts involved in the Motor Control Loop |
IN: Pre & Post gyrus Frontopontine fibres Pontine Nuclei ->> Cerebellar hemispheres -> cerebellar nuclei OUT: Via Sup Cerebellar Peduncle Ventral Lateral nucleus of thalamus ->>Precentral gyrus |
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Nucleus of Basal Ganglia |
1. Caudate nucleus 2. Lentiform nucleus (putamen, Globus Pallidus) |
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Connections of Basal Ganglia |
1.Substantia Nigra 2. Subthalamic Nucleus 3.Thalamus 4.Cerebral Cortex |
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Pathways of B asal Ganglia |
Direct Indirect |
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Basal Nuclei Disease |
Parkinson's disease > loss of DA neurons in substantia nigra (pars compacta/ nigrostriatal pathway) > Symptoms: * Resting tremor * Rigidity * Akinesia Huntington's > Neuronal loss in striatum (The striatum, also known as the neostriatum or striate nucleus, is a subcortical part of the forebrain and a critical component of the reward system.), cortex (frontal, parietal) >> Progressive dementia and chorea -- age 20 to 50 yrs Hemiballismus > lesions in contralat subthalamic nucleus |
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