Centennial High School Ap Bio Greed Unit 3

Front 1

What is the word used to describe a one-trait cross? Two-trait cross?

Back 1

(monohybrid, dihybrid)

Front 2

A foreign protein on a cell's surface Is known as an . An Immune system cell can respond to a foreign protein by producing .

Back 2

(Antigen, Antibodies)

Front 3

A person with type 0 blood has a baby With a person who has type AB. What are the possible blood types of their Offspring?

Back 3

(A and B)

Front 4

What does it mean if a trait is said to be polygenic? (an example is the shape of your nose)

Back 4

(Polygenic)

Front 5

According to the Lac-Operon model, when does lactase get synthesized or made in a bacterial cell?

Back 5

(when the bacterium consumes lactose)

Front 6

What is the process of making eggs called? Making sperm?

Back 6

(oogenesis, spermatogene-sis)

Front 7

Genes A and B recombine 50% of the time. Genes A and C recombine 10% of the time. What is the order of the genes?

Back 7

(ACB or BCA)

Front 8

What are the two sites on a ribo-some called that bond to existing And incoming amino acids?

Back 8

(P site and A site)

Front 9

Describe the contributions of Jacob and Manod in 1961.

Back 9

(They described the Lac-Operon model in prokaryotes)

Front 10

What is one major difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II?

Back 10

(No interphase during meiosis II and no pair of homo-logous chrom's or crossing over during Prophase II)

Front 11

2N refers to an organism's Number and N refers to its Number.

Back 11

(Diploid, haploid)

Front 12

Name the 4 molecules that are modified into DNA nucleotides during DNA replication.

Back 12

(dGTP, dATP, dCTP, dTTP)

Front 13

In which direction does DNA polymerase read the DNA strand? In which direction are the new DNA strands synthesized?

Back 13

(3' to 5' and 5' to 3')

Front 14

List three ways that mRNA is "processed" before leaving the nucleus in eukaryotes.

Back 14

(Introns spliced out, GTP cap added, Poly-A tail added)

Front 15

What is translation?

Back 15

(When the mRNA is translated 3 bases at a time by the ribo-some to an amino acid sequence)

Front 16

List the 3 stages that occur for both trans-cription and translation

Back 16

(Initiation, Elongation, termination)

Front 17

Which enzyme unwinds the DNA Molecule during replication? Which Enzyme fuses Okazaki fragments?

Back 17

(Helicase, Ligase)

Front 18

What are the fragments of DNA called that occur on the lagging strand during replication that are eventually fused together?

Back 18

(Okazaki Fragments)

Front 19

What is transcription?

Back 19

(When RNA Polymerase copies a segment of DNA — only one side of the DNA)

Front 20

On which strand of DNA are Okazaki fragments found during replication?

Back 20

(lagging strand)

Front 21

Which part of a DNA sequence does RNA polymerase always bind to?

Back 21

(Promotor Region)

Front 22

What is wrong genetically with someone Who has Down Syndrome?

Back 22

(They have an extra 21' chromosome)

Front 23

Which two molecules make up a Ribosome?

Back 23

(protein and rRNA)

Front 24

What is the difference between a haploid cell and a diploid cell?

Back 24

(Haploid: 1 set of chromosomes, Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes)

Front 25

Which protein (needed for cell division) is specifically made during the G2 phase of the cell cycle (just before the cell divides)?

Back 25

(spindle fibers)

Front 26

List 4 events that occur during Prophase of mitosis.

Back 26

(Chrom's become visible, nuclear envelope disappears, centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell, spindle fibers form)

Front 27

What is a sister chromatid?

Back 27

(one side of a duplicated chromosome)

Front 28

What is wrong genetically with someone who has Turner's Syndrome?

Back 28

(they lack an X chromosome — so their genotype is XO)

Front 29

What happens during Interphase and metaphase of mitosis?

Back 29

(Inter — chrom's duplicate and during Meta — chrom's line up in the center of the cell)

Front 30

What happens during Anaphase and Telophase of mitosis?

Back 30

(Ana- chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell; Telo- two new nuclei Form)

Front 31

List two events that occur during Prophase I of meiosis that do not occur during mitosis.

Back 31

(homologous chrom's Pair and they cross over)

Front 32

How many cells are produced from a single, diploid cell during meiosis? How do these cells compare to each other? How many chromosomes are in each Cell?

Back 32

(4, all unique, %the normal #)

Front 33

If a person that is type A (heterozygous) has a baby with a type 0 person. What are the possible blood types for their offspring?

Back 33

(A and 0)

Front 34

What is the name of Mendel's Law that states that homologous chromosomes assort independently of other homolo-gous chromosomes?

Back 34

(Law of Independent Assortment)

Front 35

Two parents who have brown eyes have a child with blue eyes. Which of Mendel's laws applies?

Back 35

(1. law — Law of Segregation)

Front 36

What is Wobble of the Anticodon?

Back 36

(when the r base in the mRNA codon can vary and the same amino acid is coded for. For example, UUU and UUC both code for the amino acid Phenylalanine)

Front 37

What is the mode of inheritance or Inheritance pattern for Sickle Cell Anemia?

Back 37

(Codominant)

Front 38

What is the name of Mendel's Law that states that alleles separate into sepa-rate sex cells and must recombine to produce recessive offspring?

Back 38

(Law of Segregation)

Front 39

Name 3 genetic disorders that are Caused by a recessive, autosomal mutation.

Back 39

(PKU, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs)

Front 40

Two parents that have brown hair and can both roll their tongue have a baby with blonde hair and can roll its tongue. Which of Mendel's laws applies?

Back 40

(2" law — Law of Independent Assortment)

Front 41

Which two scientists used radio-Active labels to determine that viruses inject DNA into cells?

Back 41

(Hershey & Chase)

Front 42

Which two bases make up purines in DNA? Pyrimidines?

Back 42

(A & G are purines, C &T are pyrimidines)

Front 43

If you use a punnett square to determine the pattern of inheritance for two traits and you find that your predicted ratios are a lot Different than your actual ratios, this tells You that

Back 43

(genes are linked on the same chromosome)

Front 44

If a trait is found to appear more often in males vs. females, then that gene is most likely carried:

Back 44

(on the X chromosome)

Front 45

What is added to the front of an mRNA Molecule before it leaves the nucleus? What is added to the end?

Back 45

(GTP cap and Poly-A tail)

Front 46

Chargaff noticed that in every DNA Sample there was always the same amount Of Adenines and Thymines. What did he conclude?

Back 46

(A pairs with T)

Front 47

Name two molecules that are made in the nucleolus that have to do with Protein synthesis.

Back 47

(rRNA and protein)

Front 48

In the Lac Operon model, which region Of the chromosome does the repressor bind to? Which molecule is the inducer?

Back 48

(Operator, Lactose)

Front 49

If a DNA template reads AUC, what would mRNA read?

Back 49

(UAG)

Front 50

Why must tRNA be complimentary to mRNA?

Back 50

(because tRNA bonds tempor-arily to mRNA in the ribsome)

Front 51

If an organism's 2N (Diploid) number is 26, what is its haploid number?

Back 51

(13)

Front 52

Which enzyme adds RNA nucleotides to a growing mRNA strand?

Back 52

(RNA polymerase)

Front 53

If mRNA reads AUC, what would tRNA Read?

Back 53

(UAG)

Front 54

Which code is used to find the correct amino acid when using an amino acid chart?

Back 54

(mRNA)

Front 55

DNA replication results in ____ new DNA molecules that have _______ DNA codes or sequences.

Back 55

(2, identical)

Front 56

When would a cell need to replicate its
DNA?

Back 56

(Just before the cell divides)

Front 57

Which type of molecule carries a copy
of a gene (copied from DNA) to the
ribosome?

Back 57

(mRNA)

Front 58

How many amino acids are available to
a cell?

Back 58

(20)

Front 59

Which enzyme adds DNA nucleotides to a growing DNA molecule?

Back 59

(DNA polymerase)

Front 60

Which type of life form did Hershey and chase label with radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus?

Back 60

(Viruses)

Front 61

If a DNA segment reads ATGC, what
would the complimentary segment
read?

Back 61

(TACG)

Front 62

Which organelle in the cell is responsible for making proteins or polypeptides?

Back 62

(Ribosomes)

Front 63

What is the function of tRNA?

Back 63

(Carries amino acids to the ribosome)

Front 64

List two differences between DNA
and RNA.

Back 64

(DNA double-stranded, RNA
single-stranded, different sugars,
DNA has thymine, RNA has Uracil,
DNA is permanent, mRNA is shorter
and temporary)

Front 65

The Lac Operon model represents the
regulation of 3 genes that code for which
Enzyme?

Back 65

(Lactase)

Front 66

List the 6 phases of cell division in order-

Back 66

(Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, Telophase, Wtokinesis)

Front 67

List the 3 main parts of DNA.

Back 67

(Phospahate, sugar, base)

Front 68

What are the subunits in DNA called?

Back 68

(nucleotides)

Front 69

Which two types of organisms did Griffith
work with in 1928?

Back 69

(Mice and bacteria)

Front 70

On which molecule is an anticodon
Found?

Back 70

(tRNA)

Front 71

In which type of cell is the Lac Operon
Model found?

Back 71

(bacteria/prokaryote)

Front 72

Which part of an onion did we look
at to observe cells in Mitosis?

Back 72

(the root tip)

Front 73

What is the sugar in DNA called?

Back 73

(Deoxyribose)

Front 74

List the 4 types of nucleotides found
In DNA

Back 74

(Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine,
Thymine)

Front 75

A person is Bb for brown eyes. What is their
genotype? Phenotype?

Back 75

(Geno=Bb, Pheno=Brown eyes)

Front 76

What does it mean if a trait is sex-linked?

Back 76

(Carried on the X chromosome)

Front 77

In humans, our diploid chromosome
number is .

Back 77

(46)

Front 78

What is the function of mRNA in Protein
synthesis?

Back 78

(carries a copy of DNA)

Front 79

On which molecule is a codon found?

Back 79

(mRNA)

Front 80

In humans, what is our haploid chromosome
Number?

Back 80

(23)

Front 81

What letters are used to represent the
Heterozygous, homozygous dominant, and
Homozygous recessive genotypes?

Back 81

(Bb, BB, bb)

Front 82

Mitosis is the division of a diploid cell to
Make two new cells. Meiosis
Is the division of a diploid cell to make 4
New cells-

Back 82

(Diploid, Gamete or
Haploid)

Front 83

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
Is known as a .

Back 83

(Gene)

Front 84

What is the function of tRNA in protein

Synthesis?

Back 84

(Carries amino acids to the
Ribosome)