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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Discuss one of Darwin's contributions to the non constancy of species |
It is demonstrated by meiosis and how each generation can vary from the last. |
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Assess discuss Darwin's contribution to branching evolution |
According to Darwin branching evolution is how all life has come from one common ancestor. Humans and monkeys branched off from an original primate. |
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Discuss Darwin's contribution to the occurrence of gradual changes in species |
Gradual changes and species comes from the changes that occur around the species such as environment that causes it to adapt. |
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Discuss Darwin's contribution to natural selection of the mechanism for evolution |
Natural selection and evolution is a selection that makes make to produce offspring. |
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What is heterozygote advantage? Give an example. |
Heterozygote Advantage is when heterozygotes have greater reproductive success when compared to homozygotes. This tends to preserve variation in the gene pool. An example would be sickle cell anemia. Heterozygous individuals are protected from the most severe effect of malaria and don't have sickle cell homozygous individuals either have sickle cell or no protection from malaria. |
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What are homologous structures? Give an example. |
Homologous structures are structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry. An example would be a human hand and a whale flipper. |
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Weimaraner August structures? give an example. |
Analogous structures are similar characteristics because of convergent evolution. An example is the wing of a butterfly and bat that make flight possible. |
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Explain convergent and divergent evolution. |
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in different lineages (similar problem~similar solution). Divergent evolution is the process whereby groups from the common ancestor evolved and accumulate differences resulting in the formation of new species. |
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What are factors that can cause evolutionary change? |
Genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection, and mutations |
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What are the four evidences for evolution? Give an example of each |
Direct observations of evolutionary change - the evolution of MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus) Homology - similarities between the human hand and the whale flipper Fossil record - fossil show ancestors of cetceans had hind limbs Biogeography - creation of The evolutionary tree of horses based on location |
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Define gene flow |
Gene flow is a transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes. |
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Contrast Darwin's and Lamarck's evolution theories |
Lamarck thought an organism could change itself in order to be better suited for it's environment and these changes would be passed on to the offspring Darwin thought that all organisms develop through natural selection and inherited variations can increase an organisms ability to survive, compete, and reproduce |
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What is the difference between pre and post zygotic barriers? Give examples of each |
Prezygotic barriers block fertilization. Examples are habitat, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, and gametic isolation Postzygotic barriers contribute to reproductive isolation. Examples are reduced hybrid viability and fertility and hybrid breakdown |
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Explain the significance of photosynthesis by cyanobacteria |
Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to use oxygenic photosynthesis. This caused a buildup of oxygen gas in the air, killing off a lot of prokaryotic organisms by damaging cells or attacking chemical bonds. |
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Explain the theory of endosymbiosis and the evidence to support it |
GET THIS ANSWER FROM ZHORVE OR MARLEIGH |
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Explain the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium principle |
The Hardy Weinberg principle states that the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population remain constant from generation to generation. Five factors have to be happening: - large population size (no genetic drift) - random mating (no sexual selection) - no gene flow (no immigration/emmigration) - no natural selection - no mutations |
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Explain the theory of evolution by means of natural selection |
- mutations - selective pressure - differential reproduction - completion and a lack of resources - variation - pass on traits when reproducing - overproduce - multiple generations |
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What is directional selection? Give an example |
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What is stabilizing selection? Give an example |
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What is disruptive selection? Give an example |
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Explain differential reproductive fitness |
IDK BETTER ASK SOMEONE |
