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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Person Centered Therapy |
To increase congruence between self and experience by reducing conditions of worth |
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Psychoanalytical Theory |
To make the unconcious concious through free association with help from the therapists interpretation |
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Behavioral Therapy |
To positively reinforce desired behavior and negative reinforce undesired behaviors to use modeling for behavioral change |
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
To recognize cognitive distortions and the unclarifying schemes which changed in order to reduce cognitive disonance |
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Gestalt Theory |
To enhance awareness by focusing on the polarities and boundary disturbances and by being in the here and now |
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Existential Theory |
To create meaning in life by realizing that the client has freedom of choice and the responsibility for his/her life |
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Alderian Theory |
To overcome feelings of inferiority in socially useful way so that the client has a sense of belonging |
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Reality Therapy |
Discover new ways to get our needs met so that we are able to get along with important people in our lives |
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Biomedical Research |
Research that measures animals and humans and the physiological changes accompanying of a type of tx. |
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Epidemiologic |
Research with the use of surveys |
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Validity |
Driven by sample size and the length of study |
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4 Types of counseling models |
Philosophical Developmental Discipline Specific Generic/competency based models |
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Blended Model |
Model of clinical supervision that is administrative, evaluative, supportive and clinical. *Regularly scheduled *Give what pc needs to know |
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Why have clinical supervision? |
*Prevent burnout * misguided staff turnover *boundary violations *ethical requirements *develop professionally *Improves morale *monitor staff performance |
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What is the difference between clinical supervision and case management? |
Supervision- Pc focused, educate counselor and skill development Case management- Pt focused, discuss placement, tx plan, bx, continium of care
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Supervision models 30's-60's |
Psychoanalytical, psychodynamic Focused on transferrance and countertransferrence |
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Supervision models of the 1960's |
bx therapy by skinner/watson *Focus of practice and observation skills |
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Supervision model of the 1950's |
Client-Centered- Rogers
*Focus' on human growth |
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Supervision models of the 1970's-2000's |
-Skill based models *Mead's task *Minechin Structure *Haley's strategic model *Kagens interpersonal recall |
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Supervision models of 1990's |
-Blended Model |
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4 Keys to the Blended Model |
*Know self- Personality, style of leadership, counseling model and feelings *Define concept of health and your core philosophy of change *further define your approach *contextual factors shape your approach |
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10 Key areas that define supervision (Basue and Yalof) |
*Influential *Symbolic *Structural *Replacative *Strategy *pc in tx *Info gathering *Jurisdictional *Relationship |
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3 factors to determine maturity of counselor development |
1. Self and other awareness 2. Autonomy/ dependence 3. Motivation
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Level 1 Counselor characteristics |
* 1-5 years in field * focus on basic skills * Think categorically *difficulty probing, confrontation, self disclosure, *Dependent on supervisor *Uses only one model |
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How to change from level 1 to level 2 counseling |
* Motivate to change *promote desire for autonomy *Assist self awareness from self to client |
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Supervision techniques for level 1 counselor |
*Expose models *encourage autonomy *introduce ambiguity *balance, support and anxiety *Assist in conceptulizing *give control *build on strengths *must be structured |
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Characteristics of Level 2 Counselor |
*test boundaries *ct focused/ emeshed with patient *frustrated with difficulties *bx like 15 year old daughter *ethically sophisticated *assertive, evasive |
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How to move from level 2 to level 3? |
encourage development of own orientation focus on pc's reaction to cts |
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Supervision techniques for level 2 counselors |
-don't give all difficult cases -focus less on technique more on therapy -be ready for confrontation -watch for transferrence -teach alternatives -encourage independence |
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Level 3 Counselor chacteristics |
-Know limits -knows therapeutic style -function autonomously -no defensive -understand diversity -well developed ethics |
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Supervision techniques for level 3 counselors |
-Be facilitative, supportive -treat as co worker -share experiences -wisdom vs knowledge -how to continue to grow stimulation
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Level 1 of supervision development |
-mechanical/structured -viewed as expert -highly motivated -wants pc to use same model *struggles with counselor level 2 |
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Level 2 of supervision development |
-mixture of emotions -easily frustrated -less objective, needs to be right *best fit- level 1 counselor. *Okay fit, level 2 counselor |
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Level 3 of supervision development |
-works autonomously -sense of self and counselor -sets boundaries/ roles -has preferred level type -fully integrated |
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Screening |
The process by which a client is determined appropriate and eligible for admission to a particular program |
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Intake |
The administrative and initial procedures for admission to a program |
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Orientation |
Rules of program, hours of service and tx costs. |
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Assessment |
A counselor/program identifies and evaluates and individuals' strengths, weaknesses, problems and needs for the development of tx plan |
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MAST |
Verbal Drug abuse hx |
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6 Stages of counsling |
1 info gathering 2. evaluation 3. feedback 4. counseling agreement 5. changing bx 6. termination |
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Isomorphism |
what exists in one form exists in another |
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Advantages of individual supervision |
-protect confidentiality -counselor safer, more comfortable -more time to focus on individual counselor -Supervisory relationship grows |
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Advantages to group supervision |
-Economic -others with similar issues -less isolating -learn from one another -wide range of experiences -more role playing |
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Stage 1 of counselling skills |
-attending skills -concreteness -content vs feeling -probing -accurate empathy -genuiness -respect |
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Stage 2 of counselling skills |
-Accurate empathy -self disclosure -confrontation -immediacy |
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Stage 3 of counseling skills |
-Role playing -values clarification -goal setting -problem solving -homework -giving advice |
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Basic skills of supervision |
-Basic helping skills- attending, paraphrasing, summarizing, reflection -affective qualities- empathy concreteness, respect for clients -Differential diagnosis skills- particularly in regards to assessing co-occuring disorders |
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4 A's of supervision |
1- available (open, receptive, trusting and non threatening) 2. Accessable (easy to approach, speak truth) 3. Able (knowledge and skills) 4. Affable- (pleasant friendly and reassuring) |
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Models of supervision should include |
A philosophical foundation, descriptive demensions, stages of development of the counselor |
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9 Foundations of blended model |
* ppl better with guide *ppl don't always know what's best *growth=blending insight + bx change *change is consistent *solution vs problem *no need for cause to resolve *greater way to see the world *aim to make change *true self |
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Respondeat Supervisor/ Vicarious liability |
-supervisors may be held liable for damages by the negligence of a supervisee |
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5 key questions to ask a supervisee |
1 anything happen that might put you in a different light with patients? 2. any concerns about patients? 3. any pts dangerous/suicidal? 4. failed confidentiality? 5. any duty to warn patients? |
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To protect patient's ethic, a supervisor must have: |
-a defined frequency of supervision -consistent format -review all tx plans -document feedback/directives -directly supervise
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Common ethical errors in supervision |
-case management -focus on pts needs than pc development -utilizing therapy from supervisor -sporadic supervision -using power inappropriately |
