Body Fluids

Front 1

Body fluids are defined by what?

Back 1

(i) Volume

(ii) Distribution

(iii) Characteristics

(iv) Functions

Front 2

The most abundant body fluid is WATER

What is the variation % of the portion of water in one body?

Back 2

45%-75%

Front 3

What is BODY WATER?

Back 3

BODY WATER

= water content of an animal body

= is contained in the tissues, the blood, the bones and elsewhere.

= This water makes up a significant fraction of the human body, both by weight and by volume.

Front 4

How much is the BODY WATER compared to BODY MASS?

Back 4

---Total Body Water = 60% of Body Mass---

=> The heavier the person is, the more body water he has

Front 5

The water content is really SIGNIFICANT from Thin person to Fat person (45% vs 75%).

Is the water content computed (calculated) by LEAN BODY MASS only (EXCLUDING the fat)?

Back 5

NO!

If the water content is computed as a fraction of LEAN BODY MASS (i.e., EXCLUDING the FAT), the differences between individuals become INSIGNIFICANT.

Front 6

Which tissues have the SMALLEST proportion of water?

Back 6

* Bone

* FAT

Front 7

How much is the proportion of WATER in fat person vs thin person?

Back 7

*FAT person -> LESS water (til 45%)

*THIN person -> MORE water (til 75%)

=> The fatter the person is, the less water he has

Front 8

Standard Values for Physiological Reference Individual - Each must make adjustments for what?

Back 8

variations in Body Water depend on:

AGE

GENDER

WEIGHT

ETHNIC ORIGIN

Front 9

Body water as % of body mass between WOMEN and MEN: who has MORE DECREASE of body water?

Back 9

Women

Front 10

We use "Standard Values for Physiological Reference Individual" (% Water) (r) to calculate the ABSOLUTE AMOUNT OF WATER (V). Give an example

Back 10

w: weight (kg)

V = r * w

Front 11

What does we use the ABSOLUTE AMOUNT OF WATER for?

Back 11

Calculate the constant of medication

Front 12

How is the BODY WATER Volume under conditions of health?

Back 12

It remains CONSTANT

Front 13

How many types of INTAKE of body water there is?

Back 13

3

Front 14

Eg of "Oxidative waterfrom metabolism"

Back 14

.

Front 15

Lose of water - How many ways we can lose water and the organs responsible for it?

Back 15

2 ways

Organs:

- Lungs

- Skin

- Kidneys

Front 16

What is the MAJOR HOMEOSTATIC ORGAN and why?

Back 16

KIDNEYS - since it takes part in both OBLIGATORY and FACULTATIVE losses

Front 17

OBLIGATORY and FACULTATIVE losses - How is one different to the other?

Back 17

Facultative losses VARY WITH INTAKE

Front 18

How an individual is in WATER BALANCE?

Back 18

Intake = Output

Front 19

Lose of water - CHILDREN vs ADULT - characteristics

Back 19

Children lose MORE water in a SHORTER period than men

Front 20

What is a NEGATIVE water balance?

Back 20

.

Front 21

INSENSIBLE PERSPIRATION vs SWEATING - What are there sources?

Back 21

INSENSIBLE PERSPIRATION= natural

SWEATING = from hard work

Front 22

What is WATER INTOXICATION?

Back 22

.

Front 23

What is the true Milieu Interieur?

Back 23

INTERSTITIAL FLUID

It is the fluid which percolates between individual cells

Front 24

How many compartments does BODY WATER has?

Back 24

Front 25

What is the DYNAMIC STEADY STATE of the Body water?

Back 25

Body water helps the INTERACTION between:

* The body <-with-> EXTERNAL environment

* Compartments (in the INTERNAL environment)

Front 26

What is the DYNAMIC fashion (DYNAMIC STEADY STATE) for the compartments/ sub compartments' interaction?

Back 26

with WATER exchanging freely between them.

Front 27

What is ICF?

Back 27

ICF = Intracellular Fluid

(a Body water compartment)

Front 28

What is ECF?

Back 28

ECF = Extracellular Fluid

(a Body water compartment)

Front 29

While Total Body Water = 60% of Body Mass, how much is the ICF compared to BODY MASS

Back 29

= 40% of Body Mass

Front 30

While Total Body Water = 60% of Body Mass, how much is the ECF compared to BODY MASS

Back 30

= 20% of Body Mass

Front 31

Give an example between the weight and % of ECF, ICF in the body

Back 31

.

Front 32

Name the 4 subcompartmts of ECF

Back 32

cmap

Front 33

What is PLASMA?

Back 33

Plasma is the fluid medium,

in which blood cells are

suspended.

Front 34

What is HEMATOCRIT (Ht)?

Back 34

Hematocrit = that percentage of Blood Volume that is occupied by Red Blood Cells

Ht= Packed Cell Volume (PCV)

Front 35

What does HEMATOCRIT represent? What is it normal value?

Back 35

.

Front 36

What are the 2 MAJOR SUBCOMPARTMENT of Body Water? Give and eg of the % of ECF & ICF

Back 36

- Interstitial Fluid

- Plasma

Front 37

While Total Body Water = 60% of Body Mass, how much is the INTERSTITIAL FLUID (ISF) compared to BODY MASS. Give an eg

Back 37

15% (I think)

Front 38

Link between lymph and ISF

Back 38

lymph = drainage of ISF

Front 39

Lymph volumn compared to ECF

Back 39

Lymph =~ 1-2% ECF

Front 40

What is a LYMPHATIC SYSTEM?

Back 40

(image)

Front 41

Final location of Lymphatic system?

Back 41

large veins in the chest

Front 42

Transcellular fluid

definition

Back 42

Front 43

Transcellular fluid volumn compared to ECF

Back 43

Transcellular fluid < ~ 1-2% ECF

(while Lymph = ~ 1-2% ECF)

Front 44

What is the Relative Distribution between Compartments & Subcompartments of Body Water?

Back 44

Front 45

Example of the Relative Distribution between Compartments & Subcompartments of Body Water

Back 45

Front 46

BODY FLUIDS (including Body water) - Total Volume remain CONSTANT.

T or F?

Back 46

T!

Front 47

BODY FLUIDS (including Body water) -Compartments are in a state of DYNAMIC Equilibrum

T or F?

Back 47

T!

Front 48

Where is the capillary wall?

Back 48

Between ISF and Plasma

Front 49

Where is the cell membrane?

Back 49

Between ICF and ECF

Front 50

Methods to Determine Compartment Volumes - HOW MANY methods there are?

Back 50

2 methods

- Direct

- Indirect

Front 51

What do you need to know to determine the volume of the compartment (V)?

Back 51

All one needs to know:

(1) The total quantity of test substance introduced (Q)

(2) The concentration of the substance/unit volume of fluid, after dispersion (c)

Front 52

What is it called (the way to determine a compartment V) and its equation?

Back 52

INDICATOR DILUTION METHOD

V = Q/c

Front 53

What is the normal V of Body Water?

Back 53

42 L

Front 54

What is the indicator choice for solute used in the INDICATOR DILUTION METHOD?

Back 54

* Non-toxic

* Diffuse readily

* Distribute throughout compartment to be measured

* Induce NO CHANGE in water distribution

* Easy to measure

Front 55

Which indicators we use used for the ECF in the Indicator Dilution Method?

Back 55

(image)

Front 56

What is the normal value of ECF?

Back 56

~ 14 L

Front 57

Which indicators we use used for the ICF in the Indicator dilution Method?

Back 57

(image)

Front 58

Which indicators we use used for the plasma in the Indicator dilution Method?

Back 58

* Evans' Blue (T1824)

* I131-Albumin

Front 59

What is the normal value of plasma?

Back 59

~ 3.5 L

Front 60

After calculating the voume of ICF and ECF, what is the volume of total body water Vw?

Back 60

Vw = ECF + ICF

Front 61

At the final result of Body Water, we have to make correction for what?

Back 61

For any amount which has been removed from body by metabolism or excretion during the mixing time

Front 62

Give equations to calculate V of each compartment of Body Water

Back 62

(image for the comparmt of BW)

Vw = ICF + ECF

ICF= Vw - ECF

ECT - Plasma = ISF

Front 63

Give the examples of normal value of ICF and ISF from the previous values mentioned for other compartments

Back 63

(image)

Front 64

UNIT OF CONCENTRATION in a solution (very important!) - It is characterized by what?

Back 64

1. AMOUNT (MASS) of the solute the solution contains

2. NUMBER OF SOLUTE MOLECULES of the solute the solution contains

3. NUMBER OF REACTIVE UNITS (number of charges/ unit volume) of the solute the solution contains

Front 65

Example of AMOUNT (MASS)

Back 65

e.g., 1g% = 1g solute in 1dl of water

1g NaCl in 100 ml water = 1% solution of NaCl

10g sucrose in 100 ml water = 10% solution of

sucrose

Front 66

Example of NUMBER OF SOLUTE MOLECULES of the solute the solution contains

Back 66

.

Front 67

Example of NUMBER OF REACTIVE UNITS (number of charges/ unit volume) of the solute the solution contains

Back 67

.