Blood Bank Final Exam

Front 1

Kell

Duffy

Kidd

Lutheran

MNS (Anti-S, Anti-s, Anti-U)

Back 1

What other blood group systems causes HDN and HTR?

Front 2

Kell

Duffy

Kid

Lutheran (Lu^b)

MNS (S and s antigen)

Back 2

What other blood group system has IgG antibody class?

Front 3

Kidd

Lewis

I

P

Back 3

What other blood group system has the enzyme treatment of "enhanced agglutination"?

Front 4

Lutheran (Lu^a)

Lewis

I

P (IgM (Anti-P1))

MNS (M and N antigens)

Back 4

What other blood group system has IgM antibody class?

Front 5

Fy(a-b-)

Back 5

Under the Buffy blood group system, the _____ phenotype is more resistant to malarial infection by Plasmodium vivax.

Front 6

McLeod phenotype

Back 6

Individuals who have an alteration of the allele-producing Kx on the X chromosome lack Kx on the red blood cells and have greatly decreased expression of Kell antigens.

These individuals have decreased RBC survival as well as RBCs morphologic and functional abnormalities.

Front 7

Show dosage effect

Back 7

Weak antibodies agglutinate homozygous cells more strongly than heterozygous cells.

Front 8

Delayed HTR (DHTR)

Back 8

The antibodies in Kidd blood group system deteriorate in storage, declining quickly to below the detectable level in human serum, and commonly cause _______.

Front 9

Kellnull

Back 9

This is also known as K0. It occurs when RBCs lack the Kell antigens but have the Kx antigen.

Front 10

Le^a

Back 10

It is the only antigen that can be secreted by a non secretor.

Front 11

Strong anti-I

Back 11

In I blood group system, _______ is associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Front 12

Autoanti-P (Donath-Landsteiner antibody)

Back 12

Naturally occuring biphasic antibody associated with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.

Front 13

Glycoprotein A

Back 13

Antigens M and N are associated with _____.

Front 14

Glycophorin B

Back 14

Antigens S, s, and U are associated with ______.

Front 15

ABO/Rh typing

Antibody screen

Antibody identification

Crossmatch

Back 15

Enumerate the Routine Blood Bank Testing Procedures:

Front 16

a. Detects A, B, and D antigens

b. Source of antigens:

Patient's RBCs (forward grouping/typing);

reagentRBCs (reverse grouping)

c. Source of antibodies:

Reagent anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D (forwardgrouping/typing);

patient's serum (reverse grouping)

Back 16

Explain the ABO/Rh typing

Front 17

a. Detects specific antibodies to RBC antigens

b. Source of antigens:

Reagent antibody screening cells

c. Source of antibodies:

Patient's serum

Back 17

Explain the Antibody screen

Front 18

a. Identifies antibodies to RBC antigens

b. Source of antigens:

Reagent antibody panel cells (10-16 cells)

c. Source of antibodies:

Patient's serum

Back 18

Explain the Antibody identification

Front 19

a. Determines compatibility of donor RBCs with recipient's blood

b. Source of antigens:

Donor cells

c. Source of antibodies:

Recipient's serum

Back 19

Explain the crossmatch

Front 20

Reagent RBCs

Antisera

Antiglobulin reagents

Potentiators

Back 20

Enumerate the Types of Blood Bank Reagents

Front 21

Reagent RBCs

Back 21

___________ possess known antigens and are treated to prolong theirlife span

Front 22

Antisera

Back 22

_________ contain known antibodies against specific RBC antigens

Front 23

Antiglobulin reagents

Back 23

_________ contain poly- or monospecific antibodies againsthuman antibodies.

Front 24

Potentiators

Back 24

__________ are solutions that enhance the formation of antigen-antibodycomplexes.

Front 25

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Back 25

In the Regulation of Reagent Production, Blood bank reagents are licensed by the ________.

Front 26

potency ; specificity

Back 26

FDA specifies ______ and _________ of reagents before production.

Front 27

Polyclonal:

Back 27

Many B cell clones produce antibodies against antigens.

Front 28

Monoclonal:

Back 28

A single B cell clone produces antibody against an antigen

Front 29

Blended monoclonal:

Back 29

Reduces disadvantages of single clone

Front 30

Anti-A and Anti-B reagents

Back 30

_______ are used to determine if patient is A, B, AB, or O

Front 31

blue dye

yellow dye

Back 31

Anti-A reagent is colored with a _______; Anti-B reagent is coloredwith a __________.

Front 32

D typing

Back 32

These are important antigens to detect because antibody-antigen reactions in vivo cause HTR and HDN.

Front 33

High protein

Low-protein monoclonal

Back 33

What are the Two types of reagents in D typing?

Front 34

Polyspecific

Back 34

Antiglobulin reagents that Detects both anti-IgG and anti-C3; used often in directantiglobulin tests (DAT)

Back 35

This antiglobulin reagent may be used to differentiate between antibodies to IgGand C3. Monospecific (antihuman IgG) reagents are typically employedfor tests requiring an antiglobulin phase of testing.

Front 36

IgG-coated control cells (Check cells)

Back 36

AABB Standards for Blood Banksand Transfusion Services require a control to ensure antiglobulin reagentreactivity in each negative antiglobulin test tube. These areprepared by attaching an IgG antibody to RBCs (sensitized RBCs).

Front 37

A1 and B cells for reverse grouping:

Back 37

These are used to confirm front typingresults. These cells detect ABO antibodies.

Front 38

Landsteiner's Law

Back 38

If thepatient's RBCs have an antigen, they do not have the antibody in the serum.

Front 39

Antibody screening cells

Back 39

These are used to detect antibodies present in a patient's serum. Antibodies must be detected before patients aretransfused to prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions and/or death.

Front 40

antigram

Back 40

Eachset of screening cells has two or three antigenically different RBC reagentred cells. The antigens of each cell are known and printed on an ________ included with each set.

Front 41

Antibody panel cells

Back 41

Antibody identification procedures use panel ofRBCs whose antigens are known. The panel consists of 10 to 20 vials ofthese RBCs. Every panel has an antigenic profile that lists all of the knownantigens on each vial of RBCs.

Front 42

Gel technology

Microplate methods

Solid-phase adherence methods

Indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)

Potentiating media (antibody enhancers)

Back 42

Enumerate the other methods for antigen-antibody reaction detection

Front 43

dextran acrylamide gel

Back 43

In Gel technology, This technique uses __________ combinedwith reagents or diluent. Anti-IgG cards are used for DATs and lATs.

Front 44

Microplate methods

Back 44

The traditional tube method is adapted to themicrotiter plate, in which smaller volumes of serum and cells areused, and it is read on an automated photometric instrument. The cellbuttons are resuspended by tapping the sides of the plate.

Front 45

Indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)

Back 45

The Purpose of this method is to detect in vitro sensitization of RBCs.

Front 46

RBCs being agglutinated before the washing step (cold agglutinin)

improper RBC suspension

dirty glassware

overcentrifugation

Back 46

what causes the False positive tests result IAT?

Front 47

poor washing of RBCs

testingbeing delayed

loss of reagent activity

no AHG added

use of animproper RBC suspension

Back 47

what causes the False negative tests result IAT?

Front 48

Potentiating media (antibody enhancers)

Back 48

Reagents added to the in vitro antiglobulin test toenhance antigen-antibody complex formation

Front 49

Bovine albumin (22% or 30%)

Back 49

_______ allows sensitized cells to come closetogether to form agglutination lattices.

Front 50

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) additive

Back 50

_______ concentrates antibodies andcreates a low-ionic solution to allow greater antibody uptake.

Front 51

Proteolytic enzymes: Papain, ficin, and bromelin

Back 51

These enzymes remove certain structures from the RBC and enhancethe access of antibodies to other less superficial structures on theRBC. Antibodies that are enhanced include Rh, Kidd, and Leblood group systems. The following antigens are destroyed by theenzymes: M, N, S, Xga, Fya, and Fyb

Front 52

Antibody screen

Back 52

To detect antibodies in patients requiring transfusions, pregnantwomen, blood and blood product donors, and patients with suspectedtransfusion reactions

Front 53

Autocontrol

Back 53

______ is used to detect autoantibodies. Often performed in conjunction with theantibody screen and is tested in all phases.

Front 54

Phenotype patient

Back 54

This is required to confirm antibody identification. If the patient isnegative for the antigen, an antibody is possible.

Front 55

Multiple antibody resolution

Back 55

May need to perform more tests to identify antibodies.

Front 56

Antibodies to High-Frequency Antigens

Back 56

Antibodies produced against antigens that occur in at least 98% ofthe population

Front 57

antibodies to low-frequency antigens

Back 57

If the antibody screen is negative and the crossmatch is positive, suspect ____________.

Front 58

positive DAT or positive autocontrol

Back 58

Autoantibodies Can be detected by a _______

Front 59

Intact RBC antibody removal

Digitonin

Lui freeze-thaw

Back 59

Three types of elution techniques