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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of the connective tissue |
1) Binds supports and strengthens other body tissues 2) major transport system of the body 3) major site of stored energy reserves (fat or adipose tissue) |
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What is the glycosaminoglycan composed of |
Repeating disaccharide unit eg. -amino sugar (N acetylglucosamine) -uronic sugar (glucuronic acid) highly polar and attract water |
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Examples of sulphated GAGs |
Dermatan sulphate Heparin sulphate Keratan sulphate Chondroitin sulphate (These bind to protein cores to form proteoglycans) |
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What do GAGs do |
Trap water to make GS more jelly like |
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What produces hyaluronidase |
White blood cells Sperm Bacteria (Makes GS more liquid so that they can move through more easily) |
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Chondroitin sulphate function |
Support and provide the adhesive features of cartilage, bone, skin, blood vessels |
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Keratan sulphate location |
Found in bone, cartilage, cornea of the eye |
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Dermatan sulphate location |
Found in skin, tendons, blood vessels, heart valves |
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What is exophthalmos |
Goitre (swollen thyroid gland) Autoimmune over-action of thyroid Autoimmune action on fibroblasts in ECM of eye (The deposition of GAGs and the influx of water increase the orbital contents) |
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What are the 3 major connective tissue fibres |
Collagen fibres Reticular fibres Elastic fibres |
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Collagen fibres |
Very strong but flexible to resist pulling forces Features vary in different tissues e.g. more water around collagen than in bone Collagen is 25% of the body and is the most abundant protein |
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Reticular fibres |
Composed of collagen Collagen in fine bundles with a coating of a glycoprotein Made by fibroblasts Provide strength and support Form part of the BM Thinner and branching (spreads through tissue) Forms networks in vessels and trough tissues |
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Elastic fibres |
Thinner than collagen fibres Fibrous network Consist of the protein elastin surrounded by the glycoprotein fibrillin to five more strength and stability Can be stretched 150% without breaking Found in skin, blood vessels and ling |
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Marfan syndrome |
Defect in elastic fibres resulting from a dominant mutation in chromosome 15 coding for fibrillin, which acts as a structural scaffold for elastin Body produced TGFb which does not bind normally to fibrillin to keep it inactive -> increased growth Long limbed, chest deformity, weakened heart valves and arteral walls |
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connective tissue cell types |
Fibroblasts Adipocytes Macrophages Plasma cells Mast cells Leukocytes |
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Fibroblasts |
Widely distributed in connective tissues and migratory Secrete components of the matrix (fibres and GS) |
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Adipocytes |
Under skin and around organs Stores fat (triglycerides) |
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Macrophages |
Phagocytic cells Fixed (dust cells in the lung) and wandering forms (sites of infection, inflammation, injury) Kupffer cells (liver), langerhan’s cells (skin)
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Plasma cells |
From b lymphocytes Produce antibodies Many in CT but especially gut and lung, salivary glands, lymph nodes, spleen, red bone marrow |
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Mast cells |
Produce histamine that dilates vessels Inflammatory response Alongside blood vessels |
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Leucocytes |
White blood cells e.g. neutrophils, eosinphils Migrate out from blood |
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Embryonic CT types |
Mesenchyme - gives rise to all other CTs. Consists of CT in a semi-fluid GS containing reticular fibres. Mucous - widely scattered fibriblasts embedded in a jelly-like GS. Supports umbilical cord of fetus |
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Loose connective tissue types |
Aereolar Reticular Adipose |
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Dense CT types |
Dense regular Dense irregular Dense elastic |
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Cartilage types |
Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage |
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Compact bone also known as |
Cortical bone |
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Spongy bone also known as |
Cancellous bone |
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Compact bone function |
Stored calcium and phosphorous Protection and support |
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Spongy bone function |
Stores triglycerides (yellow marrow) and produces blood cells (red marrow) |
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Bone cell maturation |
Osteogenic- mesenchymal stem cells that develop and become trapped and become osteoblasts Osteoblasts- bone forming cells that trap in the ECM Osteocytes- mature bone cells involved in exchange of nutrients and wastes. Contain gap junctions
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Osteoclast formation |
Multinucleated cells formed from fusion of blood monocytes |
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Lamellae |
Concentric rings of mineral salts for hardness Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide that together form hydroxyapatite Collagen |
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Lacunae |
Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes |
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Canaliculi |
Minute canals that radiate from lacunae Provide routes for oxygen, nutrients and waste |
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Central canal |
Blood vessels and nerves |
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Bone reformation after fracture |
Osteoclasts resorb dead hone Chondroblasts lay down hyaline cartilage Osteoblasts lay down new bone Osteoclasts remodel new bone |
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Formed elements of the blood |
Red blood cell (erythrocyte) Platelets (thrombocytes) Eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil - immature mast cells + granular leukocytes Monocyte, T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte - agranular leukocytes |
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Leukocyte function |
Combats disease Neutrophils and monocytes (matured to macrophages) are phagocytic Basophils and mast cells release substances like histamine, that intensify inflammatory reaction Eosinophils are effective against certain parasitic worms and acute allergenic response
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What produces platelets and function |
Megakaryocytes in red marrow Clotting |
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Compact bone also known as |
Cortical bone |
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Areolar CT |
Collagen, reticular and elastic fibres Strength, elasticity and support Connects skin to underlying muscle, surrounds blood vessels, nerves, muscles and organs |
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What is hyaluronic acid |
Viscous slippery substance that binds cells together, lubricates joints, and maintains shape of eyeball |
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What is hyaluronic acid made of |
Repeading disaccharide unit of N-acetylglucosamine (amino sugar) and glucuronic acid (uronic sugar) |
