Biology (Fall 2014) Test #3 - Pp 3

Front 1

1. The female gamete (egg) is haploid (contains half of the chromosomes) when ________.

Back 1

1. The female gamete (egg) is haploid (contains half of the chromosomes) when [OVULATED].

Front 2

2. The male gamete (sperm) is haploid upon ________.

Back 2

2. The male gamete (sperm) is haploid upon [MATURITY].

Front 3

3. When the egg and sperm genetic material are combine the result is a complete set of ___________, half from the mother and half from the father (diploid).

Back 3

3. When the egg and sperm genetic material are combine the result is a complete set of [CHROMOSOMES], half from the mother and half from the father (diploid).

Front 4

4. Among all of these chromosomes are 2 sex chromosomes (1 from the mother and 1 from the father) that determine the ______ of the offspring.

Back 4

4. Among all of these chromosomes are 2 sex chromosomes (1 from the mother and 1 from the father) that determine the [GENDER] of the offspring.

Front 5

5. Day 1 – Fertilization results in a _______ zygote.

Back 5

5. Day 1 – Fertilization results in a [DIPLOID] zygote.

Front 6

6. Cleavage – 30 hours after fertilization the zygote undergoes rapid ________ into a larger and larger amount of smaller cells.

Back 6

6. Cleavage – 30 hours after fertilization the zygote undergoes rapid [DIVISION] into a larger and larger amount of smaller cells.

Front 7

7. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 1 - ______, the first diploid cell.

Back 7

7. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 1 - [ZYGOTE], the first diploid cell.

Front 8

8. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 2 - 2 then 4 blasomeres, the first cells formed by _______ cell division.

Back 8

8. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 2 - 2 then 4 blasomeres, the first cells formed by [MITOTIC] cell division.

Front 9

9. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 3 - ______. (about 32 cells).

Back 9

9. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 3 - [MORULA]. (about 32 cells).

Front 10

10. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 4 - __________ morula.

Back 10

10. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 4 - [COMPACTING] morula.

Front 11

11. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 5 - __________. (hollow ball of 500-2000 cells).

Back 11

11. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 5 - [BLASTOCYST]. (hollow ball of 500-2000 cells).

Front 12

12. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 6 - hatching blastocyst from ____ _________ shell, after this event the blastocyst can now attach and implant into the uterine wall.

Back 12

12. Human blastocyst development (in vitro) from day 1 to day 6.
Day 6 - hatching blastocyst from [ZONA PELLUCIDA] shell, after this event the blastocyst can now attach and implant into the uterine wall.

Front 13

13. After the journey is complete down the _________ tube and the blastocyst reaches and attaches to the uterine lining and penetrates into the tissue of the lining. Membranes begin to form that will surround, protect and _______ the embryo.

Back 13

13. After the journey is complete down the [FALLOPIAN] tube and the blastocyst reaches and attaches to the uterine lining and penetrates into the tissue of the lining. Membranes begin to form that will surround, protect and [NOURISH] the embryo.

Front 14

14. Amnion – enclose the developing ______.

Back 14

14. Amnion – enclose the developing [EMBRYO].

Front 15

15. _______ from the trophoblast will interact with uterine tissue to form the ________ that will nourish the growing embryo.

Back 15

15. [CHORION] from the trophoblast will interact with uterine tissue to form the [PLACENTA] that will nourish the growing embryo.

Front 16

16. ____________ (10-11 days after fertilization).

Back 16

16. [GASTRULATION] (10-11 days after fertilization).

Front 17

16b. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).

________ - differentiates from the lower cell layer.

Back 17

16b. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).

[ENDODERM] - differentiates from the lower cell layer.

Front 18

17. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
________ - Epidermis, central nervous system, sense organs, neural crest.

Back 18

17. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
[ECTODERM] - Epidermis, central nervous system, sense organs, neural crest.

Front 19

18. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
________ - Skeleton, muscles, blood vessels, heart, gonads.

Back 19

18. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
[MESODERM] - Skeleton, muscles, blood vessels, heart, gonads.

Front 20

19. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
________ - Lining of digestive and respiratory tracts; liver, pancreas.

Back 20

19. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
[ENDODERM] - Lining of digestive and respiratory tracts; liver, pancreas.

Front 21

20. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
Endoderm – differentiates from the _____ cell layer.

Back 21

20. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
Endoderm – differentiates from the [LOWER] cell layer.

Front 22

21. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
________ – differentiates from the upper cell layer.

Back 22

21. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
[ECTODERM] – differentiates from the upper cell layer.

Front 23

22. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
________ – arises by invagination of cells that move from the upper layer of the cell mass ______.

Back 23

22. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
[MESODERM] – arises by invagination of cells that move from the upper layer of the cell mass [INWARD].

Front 24

23. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
_________ Streak – embryo midline along the edges of a ______.

Back 24

23. Gastrulation (10-11 days after fertilization).
[PRIMITIVE] Streak – embryo midline along the edges of a [FURROW].

Front 25

24. ___________ (16-25 days after fertilization).

Back 25

24. [NEURULATION] (16-25 days after fertilization).

Front 26

25. Neurulation (16-25 days after fertilization) – begin to develop tissues and ______.

Back 26

25. Neurulation (16-25 days after fertilization) – begin to develop tissues and [ORGANS].

Front 27

26. Neurulation (16-25 days after fertilization) – begin to develop tissues and organs.
_________ – flexible rod that forms soon after gastrulation is complete along the midline of the embryo (mesoderm).

Back 27

26. Neurulation (16-25 days after fertilization) – begin to develop tissues and organs.
[NOTOCHORD] – flexible rod that forms soon after gastrulation is complete along the midline of the embryo (mesoderm).

Front 28

27. Neurulation (16-25 days after fertilization) – begin to develop tissues and organs.
Neural ____ – forms above the notochord to later differentiate into the spinal cord and brain (ectoderm).

Back 28

27. Neurulation (16-25 days after fertilization) – begin to develop tissues and organs.
Neural [TUBE] – forms above the notochord to later differentiate into the spinal cord and brain (ectoderm).

Front 29

28. Neurulation (16-25 days after fertilization) – begin to develop tissues and organs.
Neural _____ – cells that break away from the neural tube just before it closes that will become the neural structures found in the vertebrate body (ectoderm).

Back 29

28. Neurulation (16-25 days after fertilization) – begin to develop tissues and organs.
Neural [CREST] – cells that break away from the neural tube just before it closes that will become the neural structures found in the vertebrate body (ectoderm).

Front 30

29. Neurulation
(________)

Back 30

29. Neurulation
([MESODERM])

Front 31

30. Neurulation
(mesoderm)
Segmented blocks of tissue form (_______) that give rise to the muscles, vertebrae and connective tissues.

Back 31

30. Neurulation
(mesoderm)
Segmented blocks of tissue form ([SOMITES]) that give rise to the muscles, vertebrae and connective tissues.

Front 32

31. Neurulation
(mesoderm)
Another strip of mesoderm that runs alongside the somites will form many of the significant ______ of the body (kidneys, adrenal glands and gonads).

Back 32

31. Neurulation
(mesoderm)
Another strip of mesoderm that runs alongside the somites will form many of the significant [GLANDS] of the body (kidneys, adrenal glands and gonads).

Front 33

32. Neurulation
(mesoderm)
The remainder of the mesoderm moves and surrounds the endoderm forming 2 ______.

Back 33

32. Neurulation
(mesoderm)
The remainder of the mesoderm moves and surrounds the endoderm forming 2 [LAYERS].

Front 34

33. Free Bee

Back 34

33. Free Bee

Front 35

34. Neurulation
The remainder of the mesoderm moves and surrounds the endoderm forming 2 layers.
_____ layer is associated with the body wall.

Back 35

34. Neurulation
The remainder of the mesoderm moves and surrounds the endoderm forming 2 layers.
[OUTER] layer is associated with the body wall.

Front 36

35. Free Bee

Back 36

35. Free Bee

Front 37

36. Neurulation
The remainder of the mesoderm moves and surrounds the endoderm forming 2 layers.
_____ layer is associated with the gut.

Back 37

36. Neurulation
The remainder of the mesoderm moves and surrounds the endoderm forming 2 layers.
[INNER] layer is associated with the gut.

Front 38

37. Free Bee

Back 38

37. Free Bee

Front 39

38. Neurulation
The remainder of the mesoderm moves and surrounds the endoderm forming 2 layers.
Between the 2 layers is the ______ which becomes the body cavity of the adult.

Back 39

38. Neurulation
The remainder of the mesoderm moves and surrounds the endoderm forming 2 layers.
Between the 2 layers is the [COELOM] which becomes the body cavity of the adult.

Front 40

39. Neurulation
By the end of the 3rd week over a dozen _______ have formed, blood vessels and a gut have begun to develop.

Back 40

39. Neurulation
By the end of the 3rd week over a dozen [SOMITES] have formed, blood vessels and a gut have begun to develop.

Front 41

40. _____________ (4th week after fertilization)

Back 41

40. [ORGANOGENESIS] (4th week after fertilization)

Front 42

41. Organogenesis (4th week after fertilization)
____ form.

Back 42

41. Organogenesis (4th week after fertilization)
[EYES] form.

Front 43

42. Organogenesis (4th week after fertilization)
_____ begins rhythmic beating.

Back 43

42. Organogenesis (4th week after fertilization)
[HEART] begins rhythmic beating.

Front 44

43. Organogenesis (4th week after fertilization)
___ and ___ buds have begun to form.

Back 44

43. Organogenesis (4th week after fertilization)
[ARM] and [LEG] buds have begun to form.

Front 45

44. Organogenesis (4th week after fertilization)
________ period of development (fetal _______ syndrome).

Back 45

44. Organogenesis (4th week after fertilization)
[CRITICAL] period of development (fetal [ALCOHOL] syndrome).

Front 46

45. During the next month the ______ of the developing embryo is determined by chromosomes.

Back 46

45. During the next month the [GENDER] of the developing embryo is determined by chromosomes.

Front 47

46. The offspring will always get an _ chromosome from the mother.
__ = Female

Back 47

46. The offspring will always get an [X] chromosome from the mother.
[XX] = Female

Front 48

47. The offspring will either get an _ or a _ chromosome from the father.
__ = Male

Back 48

47. The offspring will either get an [X] or a [Y] chromosome from the father.
[XY] = Male

Front 49

48. Example set of ____ human chromosomes. In the image, the X and Y chromosomes are indicated by arrows.

Back 49

48. Example set of [MALE] human chromosomes. In the image, the X and Y chromosomes are indicated by arrows.

Front 50

49. The XX-XO system is found in crickets, grasshoppers, and some other insects, _____ cells that lack an _ chromosome (referred to as O) determine maleness.

Back 50

49. The XX-XO system is found in crickets, grasshoppers, and some other insects, [SPERM] cells that lack an [X] chromosome (referred to as O) determine maleness.

Front 51

50. The ZZ-ZW sex determination system is used in birds, snakes, and some insects rely upon _______ to carry the mismatched chromosome pair (ZW) and _____ to carry the identical pair (ZZ).

Back 51

50. The ZZ-ZW sex determination system is used in birds, snakes, and some insects relies upon [FEMALES] to carry the mismatched chromosome pair (ZW) and [MALES] to carry the identical pair (ZZ).

Front 52

51. Among fish sex determination can occur due to _____________ changes.

Back 52

51. Among fish sex determination can occur due to [ENVIRONMENTAL] changes.

Front 53

52. In mammals sex is determined during early _________ development.

Back 53

52. In mammals sex is determined during early [EMBRYONIC] development.

Front 54

53. During first 40 days the ______ appears similar.

Back 54

53. During first 40 days the [GENDER] appears similar.

Front 55

54. During first 40 days the gender appears similar.
Y chromosome SRY gene (sex-determining region of the Y chromosome) converts the ______ into ______ that secrete testosterone and other hormones that promote male development.

Back 55

54. During first 40 days the gender appears similar.
Y chromosome SRY gene (sex-determining region of the Y chromosome) converts the [GONADS] into [TESTES] that secrete testosterone and other hormones that promote male development.

Front 56

55. During first 40 days the gender appears similar.
If testes do not form, the embryo is ______.

Back 56

55. During first 40 days the gender appears similar.
If testes do not form, the embryo is [FEMALE].

Front 57

56. Second Month (1 ____ by end of month).

Back 57

56. Second Month (1 [INCH] by end of month).

Front 58

57. Second Month (1 inch by end of month)
Arms, legs, knees, elbows, fingers and toes can be seen along with a short, bony ____ that will later fuse to form the coccyx (________).

Back 58

57. Second Month (1 inch by end of month)
Arms, legs, knees, elbows, fingers and toes can be seen along with a short, bony [TAIL] that will later fuse to form the coccyx (TAILBONE).

Front 59

58. Second Month (1 inch by end of month)
Major ________ organs are evident.

Back 59

58. Second Month (1 inch by end of month)
Major [INTERNAL] organs are evident.

Front 60

59. Third Month (_____).

Back 60

59. Third Month ([FETUS]).

Front 61

60. Third Month (Fetus)
Development is essentially complete except for the _____ and the _____.

Back 61

60. Third Month (Fetus)
Development is essentially complete except for the [LUNGS] and the [BRAIN].

Front 62

61. Third Month (Fetus)
_______ system and sense organs develop.

Back 62

61. Third Month (Fetus)
[NERVOUS] system and sense organs develop.

Front 63

62. Third Month (Fetus)
Facial expressions, primitive reflexes (such (SUCK???) thumb) and ________ of arms and legs.

Back 63

62. Third Month (Fetus)
Facial expressions, primitive reflexes (such (SUCK???) thumb) and [MOVEMENT] of arms and legs.

Front 64

63. Second _________
4th and 5th Month (7 inches long).

Back 64

63. Second [TRIMESTER]
4th and 5th Month (7 inches long).

Front 65

64. Second Trimester
4th and 5th Month (7 inches long)
____ formation (4th month).

Back 65

64. Second Trimester
4th and 5th Month (7 inches long)
[BONE] formation (4th month).

Front 66

65. Second Trimester
4th and 5th Month (7 inches long)
______ – fine body hair (5th month).

Back 66

65. Second Trimester
4th and 5th Month (7 inches long)
[LANUGO] – fine body hair (5th month).

Front 67

66. Second Trimester
4th and 5th Month (7 inches long)
Feel baby ____ and hear _____ in stethoscope.

Back 67

66. Second Trimester
4th and 5th Month (7 inches long)
Feel baby [KICK] and hear [HEART] in stethoscope.

Front 68

67. Second Trimester
Sixth Month (1 ____ long).

Back 68

67. Second Trimester
Sixth Month (1 [FOOT] long).

Front 69

68. Third Trimester
Rapid growth as the fetus gets nourishment through the _________ cord.

Back 69

68. Third Trimester
Rapid growth as the fetus gets nourishment through the [UMBILICAL] cord.

Front 70

69. Mother and fetus each have their own _____ supply that does not mix.

Back 70

69. Mother and fetus each have their own [BLOOD] supply that does not mix.

Front 71

70. _____ starts due to hormonal changes in the mother and possibly the fetus.

Back 71

70. [LABOR] starts due to hormonal changes in the mother and possibly the fetus.

Front 72

71. Labor starts due to hormonal changes in the mother and possibly the fetus.
______ dilates

Back 72

71. Labor starts due to hormonal changes in the mother and possibly the fetus.
[CERVIX] dilates

Front 73

72. Labor starts due to hormonal changes in the mother and possibly the fetus.
______ ruptures (“water breaking”).

Back 73

72. Labor starts due to hormonal changes in the mother and possibly the fetus.
[AMNION] ruptures (“water breaking”).

Front 74

73. Labor starts due to hormonal changes in the mother and possibly the fetus.
Uterine ____________ become regular and strong due to the hormones ________ and prostaglandins.

Back 74

73. Labor starts due to hormonal changes in the mother and possibly the fetus.
Uterine [CONTRACTIONS] become regular and strong due to the hormones [OXYTOCIN] and prostaglandins.

Front 75

74. First couple of days after birth mammary glands produce _________ (protein, lactose and a little fat).

Back 75

74. First couple of days after birth mammary glands produce [COLOSTRUM] (protein, lactose and a little fat).

Front 76

75. _________ from the anterior pituitary stimulates the production of ____ usually by the third day after delivery.

Back 76

75. [PROLACTIN] from the anterior pituitary stimulates the production of [MILK] usually by the third day after delivery.

Front 77

76. Oxytocin from the posterior pituitary is ________ when the baby suckles initiating milk release (“letdown”).

Back 77

76. Oxytocin from the posterior pituitary is [RELEASED] when the baby suckles initiating milk release (“letdown”).

Front 78

77. Rapid growth continues
__________ growth – different parts grow at different rates; baby has a big head that grows slower than the body.

Back 78

77. Rapid growth continues
[ALLOMETRIC] growth – different parts grow at different rates; baby has a big head that grown slower than the body.

Front 79

78. Rapid growth continues
At birth the developing nervous system generates 250,000 cells per ______ on average. At about 6 months ______ production essentially ceases.

Back 79

78. Rapid growth continues
At birth the developing nervous system generates 250,000 cells per [MINUTE] on average. At about 6 months [NEURON] production essentially ceases.

Front 80

79. Rapid growth continues
The _____ grows significantly the first few years requiring a safe environment and adequate _________.

Back 80

79. Rapid growth continues
The [BRAIN] grows significantly the first few years requiring a safe environment and adequate [NUTRITION].