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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a monosaccharide? |
- simple sugars (simplest form of carbohydrates) and consist of one sugar - usually colourless and water - soluble |
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Examples of monosaccharides |
- trioses: (C3H6O3) - pentose: (C5H10O5) - hexoses: (C6H12O6) |
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What is a disaccharide? |
- two simple sugars chemically linked by glycosidic bonds during a condensation reactions |
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Examples of disaccharides |
alpha glucose + alpha glucose = maltose alpha glucose + fructose = sucrose alpha glucose + galactose = lactose |
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What is a polysacchraide? |
- many simple sugars chemically linked by glycosidic bonds |
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Examples of polysaccharides (+ function) |
- starch (fuel store in plants) - glycogen (fuel store in animals) - cellulose (major component of plant cell walls) |
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Structure of alpha glucose |
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Structure of beta glucose |
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How do monosaccharides form disaccharides? (and disaccharides forming polysacchraides) |
(condensation - H20 is formed) |
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What is the reaction that splits polysaccharides and disaccharides? |
Hydrolysis reaction |
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How does the structure of glucose relate to its function? |
Functions of carbohydrates in living organisms: - Energy source - Energy store - Structure - Part of larger molecules (Nucleic acids andGlycolipids) - Glucose is the unit from which starch, cellulose andglycogen are made up - Glucose is soluble, which allows it to be transported easily |
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How is the structure of starch related to its function? |
Starch is made up of two polysaccharides of alpha glucose - Amylose is a long, unbrached chain of alpha glucose The angles of the glycocidic bonds give it a coiled structure It's compact, coiled structure makes it really good for storage - Amylopectin is a long, branched chain of alpha-glucose It's side branches make it good for storage of glucose - the enzymes which breakdown the molecule can get to the glycocidic bonds easily so the release of glucose is quick and efficient |
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How is the structure of cellulose related to its function? |
- Cellulose is made up of chains of beta - glucose - the bonds between the beta sugars are straight, so the chains are straight - The chains are linked by ''hydrogen bonds'' to form strong fibres called ''microfibrils'' ( Strong fibres = strong structural support for plants) - Also those enzymes which break down the glycocidic bonds in starch cannot break the bonds down in cellulose as they cannot reach it. |
