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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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neurons:
(a) definition (b) connected or separate? says who? (c) how many in adult human brain? (d) what do they combine to do? [which is the study of biopsychology, e.g. the biology that explains psychology] |
(a) =one of the two different types of cells in the nervous system
(b)-(in the late 1800s, Santiago Ramon y Cajal demonstrated that a single nerve cell, or NEURON, does not merge with its neighbors.) *** Each cell is distinct; a small gap separates it from each neighboring cell. (c) The adult human brain contains approximately 100 billion neurons. (d) The billions of neurons in the adult human brain combine to produce both unified experience and coordinated, organized behavior. |
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What are the two different types of cells in the nervous system called?
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Neurons
and Glia. |
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Korsakoff's syndrome
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Korsakoff's syndrome is the name of a kind of memory loss that is caused by a deficiency in the nutrition of neurons
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Is the human experience and/or perception as well as human behavior are the result of
a) Tghe product of the 100 billion distinct cells of the nervous system, or NEURONS, working together and communicate with each other to create the single whole perception/experience and behaviors of the human being at any given time. b) Certain interesting points about behavior can be related directly to what we know about the individual neuron. True or false: Although neurons work together to create unified experience and coordinated/organized behavior, there are significant points about behavior that can be related directly to what we know about the individual neuron. |
"a" and "b" are both correct
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How does alcohol exert some of its long-term effects on the brain?
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Alcohol exerts some of its long-term,\ effects by changing the structure OF NEURONS;
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Alcohol changes the structure of . . .
a) the entire brain b) the distinct neurons (separated by gaps) that combine to make up the brain |
the correct answer is "b."
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What do anesthetic drugs do to the funnnctioning of neurons?
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Anesthetic drugs prevent the transmission of information n amongst each other by neurons to create the one experience/action that each human being displays as a whole; a single effect of the combination of many distinctive, separate neurons;
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What are the BASIC structures of a NEURON (same as the BASIC structures of most other animal cells)?
[remember that cells differ in the exact size, shape, arrangement, and abundance of the structures that make them up.)` |
The basic structures of a neuron (and almost all other animal cells):
-plasma membrane: control of material exchanges, mediation of cell environment interactions -Golgi complex: modification and distribution of materialsad -Lysosome: degradation, reycling -Endoplasmic reticulum: isolation, modification, transport of proteins and other substances (ribosomes cover the surface area of the endoplasmic reticulum) -Ribosomes: the sites at which the cell synthesizes new protein molecules -Nucleus: membrane enclosed region containing DNA (hereditary control) -Nuclear envelope: the membrane surrounding the nucleus -Mitochondrion: aerobic energy metabolism - |
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What is the estimated number of neurons in the adult human central nervous system?
(according to R.W. Williams and K. Herrup: 1988) |
central nervous system= cerebral cortext and associated areas + cerebellum + spinal cord 100 billion:
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# of neurons in: the cerebral cortext and associated areas + the cerebellum + the spinal cord = total estimated number of neurons in the adult human nervous system
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cerebral cortext and associated areas= 12 to 15 billion neurons
cerebellum= 70 billion neurons spinal cord= 1 billion neurons entire nervous system= 100 billion neurons |
