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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a tissue? |
A group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure |
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What are the 4 primary types of tissues? |
Epithelium (coverings) Connective Tissue (support) Nervous tissue (control) Muscle (movement |
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What is extracellular matrix? |
The material located outside the cell that is composed of proteins and fluids |
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What fluid is in the extracellular matrix? |
Interstitial fluid |
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What are the functions of epithelium? |
Protection Absorption, secretion, and ion transport Filtration Forms slippery surfaces within the body |
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Do Epithelial tissue contain extracellular matrix? |
Little or none |
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What are the characteristics of epithelial tissues? |
1. Cellularity 2. Polarity 3. Regeneration 4. Avascular 5. Attachment |
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What are the 3 types of lateral cell junctions that connect adjacent epithelial cells? |
Tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions |
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Simple epithelium |
One layer of cells |
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Stratified epithelium |
More than one layer of cells |
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Epithelium Squamous |
Cells wider than tall |
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Epithelium Cuboidal |
Cells as wide as tall like cubes |
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Epithelial Columnar |
cells taller than they are wide like columns |
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What is apical? |
Exposed surface |
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What is basal? |
Attached to deeper surface |
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Simple Squamous Epithelium Functions |
- Passage of materials by passive diffusion and filtration - Secretes substances in serous membranes |
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Simple Squamous Epithelium Locations |
- Renal Corpuscles - Alveoli of longs - Serous Membranes |
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Functions |
- secretion - absorption |
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Locations |
- kidney tubules - secretory portions of some glands |
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Simple Columnar Epithelium Functions |
- absorption - secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances - ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells |
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Simple Columnar Epithelium Locations |
- digestive tract lining - small bronchi |
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What is cilia? |
Whip-like, highly motile extensions of the apical surface of the cell that move in a coordinated fashion to pass substances along the apical surface |
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What is microvilli? |
Fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that maximize surface area across which small substances can enter or leave the cell |
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Functions |
- secretion of mucus - ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells |
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Locations |
- ducts of male reproductive tubes - lining of the trachea and most of upper respiratory tract |
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Modifications |
may have cilia and/or contain goblet cells that secrete mucus |
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium Functions |
protects underlying tissues |
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium Locations |
- Keratinized: forms epidermis of skin - Keratin: a protective protein that waterproofs the skin - Nonkeratinized: forms moist lining of body openings such as mouth, anus, and vagina |
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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Functions |
Protection |
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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Locations |
Forms ducts of mammary glands, salivary glands, largest sweat glands |
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Stratified Columnar Epithelium Functions |
- protection - secretion |
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Stratified tissues are named according to the shape of the cells along their what? |
Apical surface |
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Stratified Columnar Epithelium Locations |
- found in male urethra and large ducts of some glands |
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Transitional Epithelium Functions |
- stretches and permits distension of organ - impermeable to urine |
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Transitional Epithelium Locations |
- lines ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra |
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Transitional Epithelium Specializations |
superficial cells in the unstretched organ will appear dome-like but will flatten out into a squamous shape when the organ is stretched |
