Biol 2404 Integumentary System

Front 1

What are the functions of the integumentary System? (7)

Back 1

1. Protects underlying tissues and organs 2.Helps maintain body temperature 3. Absorbs and synthesis D3 4. Contains sensoryreceptors associated with nerve endings 5. Excretes salt, water, and organicwastes 6. Waterproof layer that reduces water loss 7. Cushions and insulatesdeeper organs

Front 2

Why is the hypodermis not a part of the layers of skin?

Back 2

Subcutaneous layer. It's not apart of the skin because it's loosely attached to the dermis above and the muscle below. It's made of areolar and adipose tissue and loose connective tissue

Front 3

Order of the sub layers of the epidermis

Back 3

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale

Front 4

Describe Stratum Corneum

Back 4

Most superficial layer, protects skin from abrasion, penetration, and water loss.
Thicker in skin of palms and soles. Containsflattened and dead keratinocytes

Front 5

What are the intermediate strata and what happens?

Back 5

Stratum Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum
cells in these 3 layers are replaced bykeratinocytes produced in the stratum basale

Front 6

Describe Stratum Lucidum

Back 6

glassy clear and several layers thick. Presentonly in thick skin of palms and soles. Keratinocytes are flat and packed withkeratin

Front 7

Describe Stratum Granulosum

Back 7

grainy and several layers thick. Keratinocytesdon’t divide here, instead start producing a lot of protective, water-resistantprotein- keratin

Front 8

Describe Stratum Spinosum

Back 8

spiny layer. Consists of several layers ofkeratinocytes still dividing

Front 9

Describe Stratum Basale (or Stratum Germinativum)

Back 9

attached to underlying dermis, separating dermisand epidermis. Consists of single layer of basal cells (mitotically dividingkeratinocytes) Melanocyte cells also in this layer and only this layer

Front 10

What is melanin

Back 10

brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment producedby melanocytes. It protectsthe cells from ultraviolet radiation, and gives color to the skin.

Front 11

What is melanocytes

Back 11

secrete the pigment melanin that protects thecells and provides pigmentation of the skin

Front 12

What is keratin

Back 12

Protective, water-resistant protein

Front 13

What are keratinocytes

Back 13

An epidermal cell that produces keratin

Front 14

What sub layers have cells that undergo mitosis?

Back 14

Stratum Basale and Stratum Spinosum

Front 15

Describe Papillary Layer

Back 15

Superficial Layer, Underlies the Epidermis,Makes up 20% of the thickness, Composed of areolar tissue with nerves andcapillaries

Front 16

Describe Reticular Layer

Back 16

Deeper Layer, Makes up 80% of thickness,Consists of deep irregular connective tissue, with a network of collagen andelastic fibers

Front 17

Describe Hair Shaft

Back 17

Projects above theskin

Front 18

Describe Hair Root

Back 18

walls of the hairfollicle form a protective tissue sheath around the hair root

Front 19

Describe Hair follicle

Back 19

the pouch like deeptubular invagination of the epidermis from which a hair grows outward from

Front 20

What is the function of arrector pili?

Back 20

Associated with each hair follicle and consistsof a bundle of smooth muscle cells.

Front 21

What is the structure of arrector pili?

Back 21

When relaxed, the arrector pili muscle allowsthe hair to lay relatively flat to the skin surfaceWhen contracted, the arrector pili muscle pulls the hair erect (causing goosebumps)

Front 22

Sebaceous Glands

Back 22

(oil glands) exocrine glands associated with hairfollicles, secrete sebum oil into hair follicles or in some regions directly onthe skin, all over body except for palms, and soles of feet

Front 23

Sebum

Back 23

Lubricates hair and inhibits bacterial growth

Front 24

What are the two sudoriferous (sweat) glands?

Back 24

Merocrine and Apocrine

Front 25

Describe Merocrine (Eccrine)

Back 25

More abundant than apocrine glands. Each glandis a coiled, tubular gland. Discharge secretions directly on skin surface whereit opens through a pore. Prevalent in palms and soles, 99% water along withelectrolytes and wastes

Front 26

Describe Apocrine

Back 26

Larger than merocrine glands with a largerlumen. Ducts don’t open onto skin surface, open into hair follicles. Rich inlipids and contributes to body odors (axillary, nipple, anal, and genital areas)

Front 27

What is the structure and function of the nails?

Back 27

To provide protection to the exposed dorsalsurfaces of fingers and toes
Nail Root, Nail Body, Free Edge

Front 28

What are the pigments that influence skin color?

Back 28

Melanin: brown, yellow-brown, or black pigmentproduced by melanocytes that protect cells from ultraviolet radiation and givescolor to the skinCarotene: orange-yellow pigment accumulated in epidural cells and contributesto the color of the skin

Front 29

Describe the epidermis

Back 29

theouterlayer ofthe integument. It is avascular, andis composed of 4(in thinskin) or 5layers (inthick skin).

Front 30

Describe the dermis

Back 30

It is richly vascularized, and provides mechanical strength, flexibility, and protection for underlying tissues

Front 31

What is the epidermis composed of?

Back 31

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Front 32

What is the primary cell type in epidermis?

Back 32

Keratinocyte

Front 33

What cells are located in the stratum basale and only in this layer?

Back 33

Melanocytes

Front 34

How many days does it take to process from cell formation to flaking off?

Back 34

40 days

Front 35

What are the components for the dermis?

Back 35

Blood vessels, sensory receptors, and accessory organs such as hair follicles and sweat glands

Front 36

What are dermal papillae?

Back 36

fingerlikeprojections of dermis that project into epidermis. They supportand nourish the epidermis.