Bio2 Quiz Ch. 2-4

Front 1

Molecules of life

Back 1

Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Front 2

Carb examples

Back 2

Glucose, starch, glycogen, cellulose

Front 3

Protein examples

Back 3

Hemoglobin, chlorophyll

Front 4

Lipid examples

Back 4

Triglyceride, phospholipid, steroids

Front 5

Nucleic acid examples

Back 5

DNA, RNA

Front 6

Polymer =

Back 6

Large molecule made up of smaller molecules

Front 7

Polymers of sugars =

Back 7

Polysaccharides

Front 8

Plant energy is stored in

Back 8

Starch

Front 9

Vertebrates store energy in

Back 9

Glycogen

Front 10

4 categories of lipids

Back 10

Fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes

Front 11

Lipids are hydro________ because they consist mostly of __________

Back 11

Phobic, hydrocarbons

Front 12

Fats are made of...

Back 12

A glycerol and fatty acid chains

Front 13

Saturated fats are

Back 13

Solids, animal fats, can stack

Front 14

Unsaturated fats are

Back 14

Liquid, mostly plant and fish fats, can't stack

Front 15

Fatty acid chains are hydro__________

Back 15

Phobic

Front 16

Main function of fats is

Back 16

Energy storage

Front 17

Cells/tissue that mammals store fat in

Back 17

Adipose

Front 18

Phospholipds have how many fatty acids attached?

Back 18

2

Front 19

Instead of a third fatty acid, phospholipids have a...

Back 19

Phosphate group

Front 20

Phospholipids are primary component of...

Back 20

Cell membranes

Front 21

Steroids are characterized by...

Back 21

Carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings

Front 22

How are different steroids created?

Back 22

Attaching different groups to the carbon rings

Front 23

Waxes are lipids with fatty acid chains joined to....

Back 23

Alcohols

Front 24

Proteins are made from

Back 24

Amino acids

Front 25

There are (#) standard amino acids

Back 25

20

Front 26

Chains of amino acids bonded together are...

Back 26

Polypeptides

Front 27

Polypeptides form proteins by

Back 27

Folding/coiling

Front 28

Purpose of nucleic acids is to

Back 28

Store and transmit hereditary information

Front 29

Nucleic acids are made out of

Back 29

Nucleotides

Front 30

Difference between DNA and RNA is...

Back 30

The sugar. RNA = ribose, DNA = deoxyribose

Front 31

Segments of DNA are called

Back 31

Genes

Front 32

Genes are code for

Back 32

The amino acid sequence of polypeptides

Front 33

Five nucleotides are

Back 33

Adenine, thymine / uracil, guanine, cytosine

Front 34

ALL cells have (these 3 things)

Back 34

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes w/ DNA

Front 35

Prokaryotes are ________ and __________

Back 35

Bacteria, Archaea

Front 36

Eukaryotes are...

Back 36

Everything else

Front 37

Special to animal cells are.... (3 things)

Back 37

Lysosomes, centrioles, flagellum

Front 38

Special to plant cells are... (4 things)

Back 38

Chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall, plasmodesmata

Front 39

Chromatin

Back 39

Threadlike DNA and proteins

Front 40

Nucleolus

Back 40

Where parts of ribosomes are made

Front 41

Nuclear pores

Back 41

Allow material to enter/leave nucleous

Front 42

Ribosomes

Back 42

Where genetic instructions are decoded and proteins are made (site of protein synthesis)

Front 43

Endomembrane system (3 parts)

Back 43

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes

Front 44

Rough ER (RER)

Back 44

Studded with ribosomes, site of most protein synthesis. Proteins are released to vesicles to be carried to Golgi.

Front 45

Smooth ER (SER)

Back 45

No ribosomes, site of lipid synthesis

Front 46

Golgi Apparatus

Back 46

The post office! Packages/labels/ships off proteins to within or out of the cell.

Front 47

Lysosomes

Back 47

Membranous sac of enzymes-- digests everything

Front 48

Mitochondria

Back 48

Sites of cell respiration; generate energy in form of ATP (requires oxygen)

Front 49

Energy is released from ATP when...

Back 49

The terminal phosphate bond is broken (ATP -> ADP)

Front 50

Chloroplast

Back 50

Sites of photosynthesis-- converting solar energy to chemical energy in form of sugars

Front 51

Cytoskeleton

Back 51

Network of fibers that extend throughout cytoplasm and organize structures/activities in cell

Front 52

3 roles of cytoskeleton

Back 52

1. Mechanical support/cell shape

2. Anchorage for organelles

3. Cell movement

Front 53

3 components of cytoskeleton

Back 53

1. Microtubules

2. Microfilaments

3. Intermediate filaments

Front 54

Cells propel through fluid and move fluid over surfaces with...

Back 54

Flagella and cilia

Front 55

Flagella movement

Back 55

Snakelike motion, drives cell in same direction as axis of flagellum

Front 56

Cilia movement

Back 56

Back and forth motion, moves cell in direction perpendicular to axis of cilium