Bio Lab 2 Exam

Front 1

Zygomycota: Zyospore Fungi ( Rhizopus Stolonifer)

Back 1

-Bread mold

-Sporophytic, terrestrial fungi that live and feed on bead bodies of plants or animals

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Chytridiomycota: The Chytrids (Allomyces Macrogynus)

Back 2

-Aquatic based fungi that are decomposers and parasites of plants and aquatic invertebrates

-Only fungi that have flagellated spores

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Ascomycota: The Sac Fungi (Sordaria Fimicola)

Back 3

-Known as yeasts, mildews, and cup fungi.

-They sexually reproduce to produce a saclike structure called an ascus.

Front 4

Basidiomycota: The Club Fungi (Coprinus Comatus)

Back 4

-Decomposer parasites and have mutulistic mycorrizae.

-The basidia are assembles into a fruiting body called the basidiocarp.

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Dueteronycetes: The imperfect fungi (Penicillium)

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-Commonly called the "imperfect" fungi because they have no know sexual stage.

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Lichens

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-Lichens have a mutualistic relationship between fungus and cyanobacteria (green algae).

-Upper and lower layers are composed of fungus while the middle layer consists of cyanobacteria.

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Ectoderm

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Develops into the brain, epidermis of the skin, nails, lens of the eye, retina, and nervous system.

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Edoderm

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Develops into the inner linnings of the digestive tract, as well as the linings for the respiratory tact and dermis of the skin. It also forms many glands, such as the liver and pancreas.

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Mesoderm

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Forms the skeletal muscle, the notochord, internal organs (such as kidneys and reproductive organs) and the mesenchyme.

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Protostome

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Mouth is the fist orifice to develop

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Deuterostomes

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Anus is the first orifice to develop

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Coelom (Body Cavity)

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How the internal space between the gut and body wall is organized

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Acoelomate

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Triploblastic animals without a body cavity where the internal organs directly contact the epithelium of the body wall.

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Pseudocoelomate

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Triploblastic animals with body cavity partially lined by mesoderm

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Coelomate

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Triploblastic animals with body cavity completely lined by mesoderm are called the pertoneum

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Sponges: Phylum Porifera

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-Found attached to solid structures

-Consist of loosely associated cells and have no tissues or any other type of specialized cells.

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Pinacocyte

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The thin, flattened cells that up the epidermis of the sponge. (These cells cover the outer surface of the sponge)

Front 18

Choanocyte

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One of the flagellated cells lining the inner cavity of a sponge, having a collar of protoplasm encircling the base of the flagellum.

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Amoebocyte

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Amoeba-like cells found throughout the sponge that store, digest and transport food, and excrete wastes.

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Porocyte

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These are cells with pores that allow water into the spongocoel of the sponge.

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Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Hydrozoa

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-Includes Jellyfish, Hydras, Corals, Sea Anemones, and man-of-war

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Comb Jellies: Phylum- Ctenophora

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-Very closely related to jellyfish, hydras, coral, sea anemones and man-of-war.

-They lack stinging nematocysts like true jellies. (They have sticky tentacles and oral lobes to capture prey)

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Flatworms: Phylum- Platyhelminthes

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-Includes planarians, tapeworms, and liver flukes.

-A groups of worms with a flat body plan (acoeolomate) and bilateral symmetry.

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Roundworms: Phylum- Nematoda

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-Includes ascaris, pinworms, and heartworms.

-They are non-segmented worms with a smooth outside body wall covered with cuticle layer.

Front 25

Mulluscs: Phylum Mollusca

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-Includes slugs, sails, clams, oysters, squid, and octopus.

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Nephridium

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In an invertebrate organ which occurs in pairs and performs a function similar to the vertebrate kidney. It removes metabolic wastes from an animal's body.

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Siphon

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One of the tubes or fold of the mantle border of a bivalve or gastropod mollusk by which water is conducted into the gill cavity.

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Radula

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is an anatomical structure that is used by mollusks for feeding, it's a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping.

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Operculum

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Some mollusks, such as snails, have a lid attached to the upper surface of the foot and serves to close off the opening of the shell.

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Class Gastropoda

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The class is made up of snails and slugs.

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Class Bivalvia

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Species of clams, oysters, mussels, scallops. They are characterized by a shell that is divided from front to back into left and right valves. The valves are connected to one another at a hinge.

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Class Cephalopoda

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This class includes octopus, squid, and cuttlefish.

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Class Polyplacohora

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They are also sometimes known as sea cradles or "coat-of-mail shells", or more formally as loricates, polyplacophorans, and occasionally as polyplaophores.

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Tentacle

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Used for grasping and feeding.

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Ink Sac

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A cloud of ink is created to escape from predators.

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Excurrent and Incurrent Siphon

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There is an inhalant or incurrent siphon and exhaling or excurrent siphon.

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Hemocoel

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Body cavity; that contains blood or hemolymph and functions as a part of the circulatory.

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Adductor Muscles

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The only soft part of the animal that is eaten.

Front 39

Labial Palps

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Help locate prey.

Front 40

Rotifers: Phylum- Rotifera

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Multicellular animals with body cavities that are partially lined by mesoderm.

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Segmented Worms: Phylum Annelid

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Inludes earthworms (oligochaeta), polychaetes (marine annelids), and leeches (hirudinea).

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Arthropods: Phylum- Arthropoda

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Have a welled developed nervous system, sensory organs, and specialized body segmentation. Includes insects, crustaceans, millipedes, centipedes, millipedes, centipedes, horse shoe crabs, and spiders.

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Cheliceriformes

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Includes horseshoe crabs, arachnids, and sea spiders. Characterized by the absence of antennae and jaws and the presence of feeding structures.

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Myriapoda

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Includes millipedes, and centipedes. They have a single pair of antennae and their mouthparts are on the underside of the head.

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Hexapoda

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Includes insects, they have their bodies divided into an anterior head, thorax, and posterior abdomen.

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Crustacea

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Includes crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, and barnacles.

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Maxillipeds

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appendage for feeding

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Swimmerets

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Primarily for carrying the eggs in females and are usually adapted for swimming.

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Cephalothorax

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Comprised of the head and the thorax fused together.

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Spriracles

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Openings on the surface of an animal usually for respiratory systems.

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Mandible

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Mouthparts

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Tympanum

Back 52

external auditory structure

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Prothorax

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The anterior segment of the thorax of an insect, not bearing any wings.

Front 54

Cheliceriformrs: Phylum- Arachnid

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Have 6 pairs of appendages including the chelicerae. They have pointed appendages that grasp food and are in the place of chewing mandibles.

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Spiny-skinned animals: Phylum Echinodermata

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Have spines that arise from the exoskeleton protruding through the epidermis of the body wall.

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Asteroidea: Sea Stars

Back 56

Water vascular system moves tube feet

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Ophiuroidea: Brittle Stars

Back 57

Use arms to move fast and have tube feet that lack suckers.

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Echinodia: Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars

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Covered in tiny projections to move.

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Crinoidea: Sea Lilies and Feather Stars

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Can move but are usually attached to the sea floor; filter feeders.

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Holothuroidea: Sea Cucumbers

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Tentacles capture food; sediment feeders.

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Subphylum Urochordata: Tunicates and Sea Squirts

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Marine filter feeders that have incurrent and excurrent siphons.

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Subphylum Cephalochordate: Lancelets

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Small fishlike animals that inhibit shallow marine environments buried in the sandy bottom of the ocean.

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Subphylum Vertebrata: Animals with a backbone

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Vertebrates are chordates in which the notochord is replaced by a vertebral column composed of individual vertebrae used to protect the dorsal nerve cord.

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Jawless Fish: Cephalaspidomorphi

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Have no jaws and no paired appendages, like hagfish.

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Cartilaginous Fish: Chondrichthyes

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Includes sharks, rays, and skates. Have a cartilaginous skeleton.

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Bony Fish: Acinopterygii

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Includes trout, bass, salmon, koi, and goldfish. Skeleton made primarily of bone usually have a swim bladder.

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Amphibians

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-Includes frogs, toads, salamanders, newts and caecilians.

-Crocodilia- crocodiles, caimans, and alligators.

-Squamata- Lizards and snakes.

-Testudines- turtles and tortoises.

-Aves- birds

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Mammals

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Divided into three groups: protherians (egg layers), marsupials (pouch containing), and placentals.