Bio Lab Exam 2

Front 1

During what part of the cell cycle is DNA duplicated (be specific)?

Back 1

“S” phase of interphase

Hint 1

Mitosis

Front 2

What term refers to the division of the nucleus and all its contents, but not the cytoplasm?

Back 2

Mitosis

Front 3

What is the name of the division of the cytoplasm?

Back 3

Cytokinesis

Front 4

What structures are doing work to pull the sister chromatids to opposite poles?

Back 4

Spindle fibers

Front 5

During what phase of mitosis would you see sister chromatids lines up along the cell’s equatorial plane?

A) prophase

B) metaphase

C) anaphase

D) telephase

Back 5

B) metaphase

Front 6

Following mitosis, each new cell has the ____________ quality and the ____________ quantity of genetic material as the parent cell.

Back 6

Same quality and same quantity

Front 7

During what phase of mitosis would you first see condensed DNA?

A) prophase

B) metaphase

C) anaphase

D) telophase

Back 7

A) prophase

Front 8

A single copy of a replicated chromosome, while attached to its duplicate, is called a __________.

Back 8

Chromatid

Front 9

The star shaped groups of spindle fibers, visible in animal cell mitosis, are called __________.

Back 9

Asters

Front 10

Division of the cytoplasm differs in animals and plants. In animals, cytoplasmic division occurs through ____________ while in plants, cytokinesis involves ____________.

Back 10

Cleavage, cell plate formation

Front 11

During what phase of mitosis would chromatids separate into chromosomes?

A) prophase

B) metaphase

C) anaphase

D) telophase

Back 11

C) anaphase

Front 12

Spindle fibers attach themselves to what part of the chromatids when pulling them apart?

Back 12

Centromere

Front 13

During what phase of mitosis does cytokinesis begin?

A) prophase

B) metaphase

C) anaphase

D) telophase

Back 13

D) telophase

Front 14

What term is given to uncondensed DNA?

Back 14

Chromatin

Front 15

Does mitosis produce haploid or diploid cells?

Back 15

Diploid

Front 16

Somatic cells, germ cells and even haploid cells CAN undergo mitosis. List one cell that CANNOT self replicate.

Back 16

Red blood cell

Front 17

Is mitosis a form of sexual or asexual reproduction?

Back 17

Asexual

Front 18

Meiosis involves random assortment, recombination, and reduction of chromosomes characteristic of what type of reproduction?

Back 18

Sexual

Front 19

Which of the following cells undergoes meiosis?

A) somatic

B) germ

C) gametes

D) blood cells

Back 19

B) germ

Front 20

During what specific phase of meiosis is the duplicated DNA condensing?

Back 20

Prophase I

Front 21

What major event, a form of genetic recombination, occurs during prophase I?

Back 21

Crossing over

Front 22

What specific phase of meiosis are homologous chromosomes aligned along the cell’s equatorial plane?

Back 22

Metaphase I

Front 23

Upon conclusion of Meiosis I, are the cells diploid or haploid?

Back 23

Haploid

Front 24

During what specific phase of meiosis are the homologous chromosomes separated?

Back 24

Anaphase I

Front 25

What type of human cell is diploid?

Back 25

All cells except gametes

Front 26

What type of human cell is haploid?

Back 26

Gametes

Front 27

What event changes the chromosome number in female gametes from haploid to diploid?

Back 27

Fertilization

Front 28

How many different versions of homologous chromosomes may exist in the gametes produced after cross-over occurs?

Back 28

4

Front 29

At what phase is meiosis are the sister chromatids separated?

Back 29

Anaphase II

Front 30

The specific type of genetic material carried on homologous chromosomes is called the organism’s _____________.

Back 30

Genotype

Front 31

The visible expression of an organism’s genes is called the _____________.

Back 31

phenotype

Front 32

The inheritance pattern in which a dominant allele masks a recessive trait, so that no trace is expressed in heterozygous individual is called ____________.

Back 32

Complete dominance

Front 33

An inheritance pattern with an intermediate form among three potential phenotypes is called ____________.

Back 33

Incomplete dominance

Front 34

The inheritance pattern in which two alleles can be expressed equally is called ____________.

Back 34

Co-dominance

Front 35

Homologous chromosomes are sorted into gametes at random during meiosis. What do we call this manner of lining up?

Back 35

Random alignment

Front 36

Draw a punnette square crossing XX vs XY chromosomes. What is the probability of having a male offspring?

Back 36

50%

Front 37

List all potential gametes that can be made by an individual with the genotype RrYy.

Back 37

RY, Ry, rY, ry

Hint 37

Rr on top and Yy on the side

Front 38

Assuming incomplete dominance, the RY alleles would produce flowers as follows: R=red, Y=yellow, RY=orange, y and r = produce no color (white). What phenotypic ratio would result from a dihybrid cross (RrYy X RrYy)?

Back 38

Mendel’s 9:3:3:1ratio

9- orange

3- red

3- yellow

1- white

Front 39

A different molecular version of a gene is called a(n) ____________.

Back 39

allele

Front 40

The evolutionary process involving differential reproductive success among individuals of varying traits within a population is called ____________.

Back 40

Natural selection

Front 41

An outcome of environment specific natural selection, affecting allele frequency within a population, is called a(n) ______________.

Back 41

Adaptation

Front 42

Populations experiencing long periods without changes in allele frequencies (i.e. not evolving) are said to be in a state of ________________.

Back 42

Genetic equilibrium

Front 43

Changes in allele frequencies not brought about as a consequence of natural selection are said to be a result of ______________.

Back 43

Genetic drift

Front 44

Although natural selection affects an individual’s survival or reproductive success, adaptations occur at the _____________ level.

Back 44

Population

Front 45

The statistical parameter we use to measure the average value for a number of observations is called the ___________.

Back 45

Mean

Front 46

What statistical parameter gives values at specific (standard) distances from the mean?

Back 46

Standard deviation

Front 47

The bell-shaped frequency distribution is so prevalent in nature that it is referred to as a ______________ distribution.

Back 47

Normal

Front 48

The amount of variation in a population is measured using what parameter?

Back 48

Variance

Front 49

The t-test is a useful tool in studying differences among two populations. What null hypothesis does it test for?

Back 49

Equality of two means

Front 50

If the calculated t-test value is 3.46 and the critical value from a t-test table is 2.01, what does that indicate about the foraging ability of the model birds?

Back 50

There is a significant difference in the foraging ability.

Hint 50

Consider the hypothesis in our beak experiment