Bio Lab Exam 2

Front 1

Who is considered to be the "Father of Genetics"?

Back 1

Gregor Mendel

Front 2

the genetic makeup of an organism is what?

Back 2

genotype

Front 3

the physical appearance of an organism based on its genetic makeup is what?

Back 3

phenotype

Front 4

genetic makeup consists of two of the same allele is what?

Back 4

homozygous

Front 5

genetic makeup consists of two different alleles is what?

Back 5

heterozygous

Front 6

in a heterozygote, this allele masks the presence of another one

Back 6

dominant allele

Front 7

For the characteristics we examined in Lab 9,how many alleles determined the genetic makeup for that characteristic?

Back 7

2

Front 8

According to Mendel's laws of inheritance, how many alleles for each characteristic are contained in each sperm cell?

Back 8

1

Front 9

How many homologous pairs of chromosomes do human cells have?

Back 9

23

Front 10

An ear of corn represents the F2 offspring from a cross where one individual of the P generation was pure-breeding dominant and the other was pure-breeding recessive. Its purple kernel count is 73 and its yellow kernel count is 27, with a total of 100 kernels. Which kernel condition is dominant?

Back 10

purple

Front 11

An ear of corn represents the F2 offspring from a cross where one individual of the P generation was pure-breeding dominant and the other was pure-breeding recessive. Its purple kernel count is 73 and its yellow kernel count is 27, with a total of 100 kernels. What was the genotype of the F1 generation?

Back 11

Pp

Front 12

An ear of corn represents the F2 offspring from a cross where one individual of the P generation was pure-breeding dominant and the other was pure-breeding recessive. Its purple kernel count is 73 and its yellow kernel count is 27, with a total of 100 kernels. What was the phenotype of the F1 generation?

Back 12

Purple

Front 13

An ear of corn represents the F2 offspring from a cross where one individual of the P generation was pure-breeding dominant and the other was pure-breeding recessive. Its purple kernel count is 73 and its yellow kernel count is 27, with a total of 100 kernels. Assuming the inheritance of corn characteristics follows Mendelian laws, what phenotypic ratio is expected in the F2 generation?

Back 13

3 purple: 1 yellow

Front 14

An ear of corn represents the F2 offspring from a cross where one individual of the P generation was pure-breeding dominant and the other was pure-breeding recessive. Its purple kernel count is 73 and its yellow kernel count is 27, with a total of 100 kernels. Use Chi-square analysis of the info given to evaluate the hypothesis that kernel color in corn is controlled by one autosomal gene according to Mendel's laws. Is the hypothesis accepted or rejected?

Back 14

The hypothesis is accepted.

Front 15

(part 1) PKU is a disease caused by a recessive allele (p) which codes for a defective enzyme. One must have 2 copies of the recessive allele in order to have PKU. The dominant allele codes for the normal phenylalanine metabolism enzyme. If Adam was homozygous recessive for the defective phenylalanine metabolism enzyme, what would be his genotype? Would he have PKU?

Back 15

PP and no

Front 16

(part 2) PKU is a disease caused by a recessive allele (p) which codes for a defective enzyme. One must have 2 copies of the recessive allele in order to have PKU. The dominant allele codes for the normal phenylalanine metabolism enzyme. If Beth was homozygous recessive for the defective phenylalanine metabolism enzyme, what would be her genotype? Would Beth have PKU?

Back 16

pp and yes

Front 17

(part 3 to PKU) Suppose Adam and Beth get married. What is the probability that they would have a child with PKU? (you can use a Punnett square to determine the answer if you want to)

Back 17

0%

Front 18

(part 4 to PKU) If Charlie was heterozygous for the normal phenylalanine metabolism enzyme, what would be his genotype? Would Charlie have PKU?

Back 18

Pp , no

Front 19

(part 5 to PKU) Suppose Charlie marries one of Adam and Beth's daughters. What is the probability that they would have a child with PKU? (You can use a Punnett square to determine if you want)

Back 19

1/4 (or, 25%)

Front 20

Which type of karyokinesis results in daughter nuclei with half the genetic information of the parent nucleus?

Back 20

meiosis

Front 21

Identified by letter, which of the cells or structures in the diagram are haploid?

Back 21

A and B

Front 22

Identified by letter, which of the cells or structures in the diagram are diploid?

Back 22

E and F

Front 23

What biological process belongs in the blank labeled "C" in the diagram?

Back 23

meiosis

Front 24

What biological process belongs in the blank labeled "D" in the diagram?

Back 24

fertilization

Front 25

How many chromosomes are found in the cell labeled "B" in the diagram?

Back 25

23

Front 26

How many chromosomes are found in the cell labeled "F" in the diagram?

Back 26

46

Front 27

In this diagram of chromosomes, identify the indicated structures: centromere, chromosome, homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids

Back 27

A: homologous chromosomes

B: chromosome

C: centromere

D: sister chromatids

Front 28

How many chromosomes are in this cell?

Back 28

4

Front 29

What phase of meiosis is shown in this diagram?

Back 29

metaphase 2

Front 30

What phase of meiosis is shown in this diagram?

Back 30

anaphase 1

Front 31

What phase of meiosis is shown in this diagram?

Back 31

telophase 2

Front 32

What phase of meiosis is shown in this diagram?

Back 32

metaphase 1

Front 33

what two events during meiosis increase the genetic variability of offspring of sexually reproducing organisms?

Back 33

crossing over and independent assortment

Front 34

What event restores the diploid number for an organism?

Back 34

fertilization

Front 35

what is the genetic material of our cells?

Back 35

DNA

Front 36

what nucleic acid allows the information of DNA to be expressed in the cell?

Back 36

RNA

Front 37

In the diagram of a polynucleotide below, identify the labeled structures.

Back 37

A: Nitrogenous base

B: phosphate group

C: sugar

D: nucleotide

Front 38

How many polynucleotide strands are required to construct aDNA molecule?

Back 38

2

Front 39

Which component of a DNA nucleotide come in four different forms?

Back 39

nitrogenous base

Front 40

In the diagram of a DNA molecule below, identify the labeled structures.

Back 40

A: phosphate group

B: adenine (A)

C: thymine (C)

D: guanine (G)

E: cytosine (C)

F: deoxyribose

Front 41

What is the process of copying DNA called?

Back 41

replication

Front 42

Fill in the blanks in this diagram of the cell cycle. (1-7)

Back 42

1: interphase

2: G1 phase

3: S phase

4: G2 phase

5: mitotic phase

6: cytokinesis

7: mitosis

Front 43

In the diagram of a chromosome, identify the indicated structures.

Back 43

A: chromosome

B: centromere

C: sister chromatids

Front 44

How many chromosomes are in this cells?

Back 44

4

Front 45

What phase of mitosis is shown in this diagram?

Back 45

telophase

Front 46

What phase of mitosis is shown in this diagram?

Back 46

anaphase

Front 47

Pick the correct completion for this statement: Mitosis results in daughter cells that (are/are not) genetically identical to the parent cell.

Back 47

are

Front 48

A chemical that can cut DNA at specific sequences (EcoRI is an example of one).

Back 48

restriction enzyme

Front 49

DNA that seems to code for no genetic information.

Back 49

introns

Front 50

Pieces of DNA that result from being cut by special enzymes at specific locations.

Back 50

restriction fragments

Front 51

The process of separating DNA fragments using an electrical current.

Back 51

electrophoresis

Front 52

A specific sequence of DNA bases at which DNA may be recognized and cut by special enzymes.

Back 52

restriction site

Front 53

What types of human cells can serve as a source of DNA for DNA fingerprinting?

Back 53

epithelial cells (from mouth, saliva), blood cells , sperm cells, among others

Front 54

What is the general term for organisms that can utilize light energy and inorganic materials to produce organic materials?

Back 54

photoautotrophs

Front 55

What are the reactants of the photosynthesis reaction equation?

Back 55

carbon dioxide and water

Front 56

what are the products of the photosynthesis reaction equation?

Back 56

glucose and oxygen

Front 57

what is the major photopigment of green plants?

Back 57

chlorophyll a

Front 58

what are the two sets of chemical reactions that occur during photosynthesis?

Back 58

light reactions and Calvin cycle

Front 59

in what organelle do the reactions of photosynthesis take place?

Back 59

chloroplast

Front 60

Label the indicated structures of this leaf.

Back 60

A: cuticle

B: epidermis

C: palisade mesophyll

D: spongy mesophyll

E: air spaces

F: guard cell

G: stoma

Front 61

What wavelengths of white light does chlorophyll absorb?

Back 61

blue and red

Front 62

What wavelength of white light does chlorophyll reflect?

Back 62

green

Front 63

What technique separates the photopigments in a leaf?

Back 63

chromatography

Front 64

What was the independent variable tested in the floating leaf experiments?

Back 64

light intensity (and carbon dioxide availability)

Front 65

What was the dependent variable in the floating leaf experiments?

Back 65

number of disks floating (photosynthetic rate)

Front 66

What was the function of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in the floating leaf experiments?

Back 66

provides CO2

Front 67

What causes the leaf disks to float?

Back 67

oxygen production in the leaf

Front 68

Fill in the blank: When the amount of time it takes for the leaf disks to float is low, the rate of ______ is high.

Back 68

photosynthesis

Front 69

Based on the data in the graph, what is the PS ET-50 (the middle time for majority disks floating)?

Back 69

10 minutes

Front 70

If no NaHCO3 had been provided in this experiment, how might that have changed the outcome?

Back 70

lower photosynthetic rate