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24 Cards in this Set
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A branch of science that deals with the study of living things |
Biology |
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A way of seeking principles of order(patterns) in the natural universe |
Science |
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An educated guess, based on observation. Used to make predictions about further observations |
Hypothesis |
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Has broad predictive and explanatory power. Widely tested and verified. Generally based upon multiple hypotheses |
Theory |
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Statement of fact, often stated as a mathematical equation. Simple, straightforward, absolute, universal |
Principle or Law |
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What is the goal of science? |
To give demonstrable, objective truth and to determine causes and effects. |
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What are the steps of the scientific method? |
1. Observation is made 2. A question is asked/problem is identified 3. Gather observations and develop hypothesis 4. Predict possible consequences of hypothesis 5. Test the hypothesis 6. Repeat tests 7. Form conclusion |
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Distinguish between an induction and deduction |
Induction- gather observations to make a hypothesis Deduction- predict possible outcomes of hypothesis. |
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Distinguish between primary and secondary publications |
Primary publication- Primary sources are peer-reviewed journals and books. They contain papers on original research findings and interpretations written by the researchers Secondary publication- Secondary sources are magazines, books and newspapers that report about science. These are written by science writers and reporters rather than the scientists themselves. |
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What are the 2 rules for making a hypothesis? |
1. Testability- must frame hypothesis in a way that it can be proven false. 2. Parsimony- simplest of 2 equal hypothesis are preferred |
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What are the rules for making observations? |
1. Only the 5 senses can be used 2. Anyone physically able to make an observation can do so |
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What cannot be tested? |
Nothing, anything can be tested! |
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What is the design of a controlled experiment? |
2 groups: Experimental group(that receives treatment), and a Control group(does not receive treatment) |
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3 types of variables: |
Independent Variable- treatment applied to experimental group Dependent variable- results, anything that can differ as a result of the independent variable Controlled variable- all other factors that might differ between the groups |
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What is the reason for both the experimental and control group? |
Comparison! |
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Why is sample size important? |
A large sample size in an experiment helps give a more reliable outcome. |
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What is the importance of the use of statistics? |
Determines if effect is caused by treatment or random outcome |
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What are the assumptions of science? |
1. Universe exists 2. Science can be studied rationally 3. Physical laws explain physical phenomenon (excludes supernatural) |
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What are the limitations of science? |
1. No concept of ethics in science 2. No aesthetics(concept of beauty) 3. Not all knowing |
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Difference between science and technology: |
Science is the pursuit of knowledge. Technology is the use of knowledge. Ex: Pendulum studies motion. A clock uses a pendulum |
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How does science and society affect each other? |
Science affects society through policy(global warming, ozone destruction, extension of life span) and technology Society affects science through funding(needed for research) and perception of results |
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What are the 7 characteristics of living things? |
1. Metabolism 2. Reproduction 3. Growth 4. Adapt and evolve 5. Homeostasis 6. Complex Organization-cellular 7. Respond to stimuli |
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What is the hierarchy of living things? |
Subatomic particles--->Atoms--->Molecules-->Macromolecules--->Organelles--->Cells--->Tissues--->Organ systems--->Organism--->Populations--->Community--->Ecosystems--->Biome--->Biosphere |
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What is the unifying concept of biology? |
Evolution! |
