Bio 105 Review 1

Front 1

homeopathy

Back 1

there is no medicine in homeopathic medication

Front 2

NaturalCausality

Back 2

things happening on earth have a naturalcause, and can be understood scientifically and fit into known natural laws

Front 3

Scientific Method

Back 3

a general set of activities which can beapplied to many types of questions

Front 4

Theory

Back 4

a set of well-supported hypotheses,universally accepted by scientists

Front 5

Pseudoscience

Back 5

provides little or no supporting evidence for claims, starts from unsupported premises, violates logic and reasoning, and denies contrary evidence

Front 6

Naturalistic Fallacy

Back 6

anything from nature has to be good for you; conversely, anything man-made is bad or dangerous

Front 7

Confirmation-bias fallacy

Back 7

tests are carried out or interpreted only to confirm the desired result

Front 8

Cherry-picking

Back 8

doing a lot of tests and only reporting on the ones that show the desired results (another example of confirmation bias)

Front 9

Ad-hominem fallacy orpersonal attack

Back 9

a person is discredited, and therefore his argument is invalid

Front 10

Strawman argument

Back 10

intentionally misrepresenting a counter argument to make it easier to defeat

Front 11

Slippery slope fallacy

Back 11

if you allow one thing to happen, it will definitely lead to a bunch of other things that no one wants to happen

Front 12

Special Pleading

Back 12

when your claim is shown to be wrong, youexplain it away with a variety of excuses (also called double standard)

Front 13

Seductive details

Back 13

providing related, but logically irrelevant details

Front 14

Testimonials

Back 14

(a person claiming that something worked for them) are not acceptable evidence of the reliability of a claim, especially not paid celebrity testimonials

Front 15

Argument fromignorance

Back 15

if science can’t disprove it, it must be true

Front 16

Gregor Mendel

Back 16

Discovered inheritance through flowers

Front 17

Phenotype

Back 17

an organism’s traits (like blue eyes, bushy eyebrows)

Front 18

Genotype

Back 18

an organism’s genes, which help give it its traits

Front 19

DNA

Back 19

the chemical within cells which carries the genetic information

Front 20

Gene

Back 20

a section of DNA responsible for a particular trait (like blue eyes); people have 2 copies of each gene

Front 21

Chromosome

Back 21

a single very long DNA molecule, containing many different genes

Front 22

Genome

Back 22

all of the genetic material of an organism or species

Front 23

Alleles

Back 23

alternateforms of genes that give different traits (there are blue eye alleles,brown eye alleles, etc.)

Front 24

Homozygous

Back 24

having two of the same alleles for one gene

ww

Front 25

Heterozygous

Back 25

having two different alleles for one gene

Ww

Front 26

Dominantalleles

Back 26

are always expressed, and are represented by a capital letter

Front 27

recessive

Back 27

The trait which is only expressed when homozygous

Front 28

Two factor crosses

Back 28

inheritance of two separate traits

Front 29

Codominantdisorders

Back 29

neither allele is dominant or recessive, both are expressed in heterozygotes

Front 30

Discontinuoustraits

Back 30

are either present or absent, with no intermediate possibilities

Front 31

Karyotype

Back 31

a picture of a person's chromosomes, taken from a dividing cell

Front 32

SRY

Back 32

Sex determining region of Y

Front 33

TDF

Back 33

testis-determiningfactor