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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Backward chaining
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a type of chaining procedure in which the last component of the chain is taught first. Once the last response in the chain occurs consistently when the last discriminative stimulus is presented, the next to last component is taught, and the last two components of the chain occur together. This training sequence proceeds until the client has learned all the components in the chain
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Behavioral chain
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a complex behavior consisting of two or more component behaviors that occur together in a sequence. For each component behavior, there is a discriminative stimulus and response. A behavioral chain is sometimes called a stimulus-response chain
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Chaining procedures
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Procedures used to teach a person to engage in a chain of behaviors. Includes backward chaining, forward chaining, total task presentation, written task analysis, picture prompts, and self-instructions
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Forward chaining
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a procedure for teaching a chain of behaviors. the first component of the chain is taught through prompting and fading, and once the first component has been learned, the second component is added. once the first two components have been learned, the third component is added. This training sequence continues until all components of the chain are learned
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Graduate guidance
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a prompting strategy used with the total task presentation procedure in which you provide full hand-over-hand assistance as a prompt for the learner to complete the behavior. As the learner begins to engage in the behavior independently, you gradually fade your assistance but continue to shadow the learner's movements so that you can provide assistance whenever it becomes necessary. Eventually, the shadowing is eliminated, and the person engages in the behavior independently
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Picture prompts
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a type of prompt in which the client is presented with a picture of a person engaging in the target behavior. The picture acts as a prompt for the client to engage in the correct behavior at the correct time. Often, a sequence of pictures is presented to prompt a client to engage in a chain of behaviors
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Self-instructions
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self-statements that make it more likely that a target behavior will occur in a specific situation
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Task analysis
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identification of the discriminative stimulus and response for each component of a behavior chain
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Total task presentation
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a procedure for teaching a chain of behavior in which the trainer physically prompts the learner through all steps in the chain. Eventually, the trainer fades the physical prompts
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written task analysis
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a written list of each discriminative stimulus and response in a chain of behaviors. Sometimes a written task analysis (also known as textual prompts) is given to the learner to guide the learner's behavior through the chain of behaviors
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