Av101 Mid-Term

Front 1

Who was the First person to study and apply mechanisms to aviation and mechanics to aircraft problems?

Back 1

Leonardo da Vinci

Front 2

Who was the First person to launch, fly, and land safely?

Back 2

Otto Lilienthal

Front 3

Describe the reason a balloon rises/flies?

Back 3

Archimedes Buoyancy Principle, The device is lighter than the air it displaces

Front 4

When and where was Orville and Wilber Wrights first Controlled Flight?

Back 4

December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk-North Carolina.

Front 5

Who was the First person to deliver a Practical Helicopter?

Back 5

Igor Sikorsky

Front 6

Who were the First Man and First Woman to fly Solo across the Atlantic Ocean?

Back 6

Charles Lindbergh in the Spirit of St. Louis

Amelia Earhart,…in a Red, Lockheed Vega 5B

Front 7

Define General Aviation:

Back 7

General Aviation is nearly all aviation that is not Scheduled Air Carrier (i.e. Airlines) and not Military.

Front 8

Name some types of aviation that are General Aviation:

Back 8

Flight Training*

Tour Flights*

Recreational*

Business*

Police

Fire Suppression

as well as, Museums, Agricultural, Photo Flights, Air Racing, Aviation Record Attempts, Search/Rescue, Disaster Relief, Helicopter Utility, Amateur or Home Built Aircraft, Gliders, Air Charter or Freight Hauling.

Front 9

When was the Robinson Helicopter-Model R22 Federal Aviation Administration Certification Date?

Back 9

The R22 was certified on March 16, 1979

Front 10

What did Robinson Helicopter Company implement in order to reduce accident numbers regarding their aircraft?

Back 10

They implemented the Robinson Pilot Safety Course, in 1982

*It reduced the number of fatalities from 3.7 in 1983 to 0.97 per 100,000 flight hours preceding July 1995

Front 11

Who does Part 61, SFAR 73 apply to & what are the (5) subject areas of Section 3 ?

Back 11

“All persons who which to manipulate the controls of the Robinson R22 or R44, or act as Pilot in Command.”

Subject Areas:

Energy Management

Mast Bumping

Low Rotor RPM (blade stall)

Low G hazards

Rotor RPM decay

Front 12

What actions should you take if you’ve flown inadvertently into IMC?

Back 12

Call ATC

Declare Emergency

Squawk 7700 in transponder

Ask for assistance or help

(Usually) Execute 180° turn

*Helicopters land if necessary and able.

Hint 12

C A U S E D

Front 13

Name some ways Pilots can avoid Loss of Control Accidents?

Back 13

Pilots can Avoid conditions that can lead to a stall and Seek training to ensure that they fully understand stall phenomena.

Recognize the warning signs

Be honest with themselves

Utilize ADM and Flight Risk Assessments

Manage distractions

Properly train and maintain currency

*Install an AOA indicator.

Hint 13

Loss of Control = B.U.M.P.R

Front 14

Who is responsible for aviation accident investigation & what is the most important part of their mandate?

Back 14

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) & Safety Recommendations are the most important part of NTSB mandate.

Front 15

What is another name, for the Aviation Safety Reporting System document?

Back 15

“N A S A Safety Report”

It collects voluntary and confidentially submitted, non-punitive, safety/incident reports from aviation industry participants.

*AIM 7-7-2 (2023)

*NASA A R C Form 277

Front 16

Who established the A S R S,

and

N A S A -A R C?

Back 16

The Federal Aviation Administration

Front 17

Define Human Factors:

Back 17

The term ‘human factors’ refers to the wide range of issues affecting how people perform tasks in their work and non-work environments.

Front 18

What are some of the “Human Factors”?

Back 18

Human Error

Fatigue, Body Rhythms and Sleep

Fitness and Performance

Vision and Visual Illusions

Communication

Attitudes

Displays and Controls (such as Gauges versus.Displays or Dials versus Buttons)

Education and Application

Front 19

What is the case study percentage of fatal accidents caused by Human Factors?

Back 19

80% of fatal accidents are attributed to human factors

Front 20

Define Stress & How it affects Pilots:

Back 20

Stress is the bodys response to the physical and psychological demands placed upon it.

How does it affect pilots:

Short term stress can increase awareness -increasing performance (acute), although if a pilot is experiencing long-term stress (chronic), they are not safe and should not fly.

Front 21

Define Fatigue:

Back 21

Fatigue is a condition marked by extreme tiredness and the inability to function due to lack of energy.

Fatigue can be acute or chronic

Front 22

Name the two types of Stress and Fatigue:

Back 22

Acute, also known as Short-term

Chronic, also known as Long-term

Front 23

Describe some of the effects of drugs and alcohol on pilots…

Back 23

Impaired judgement and perception

Impaired coordination and motor control

Reduced reaction time

Impaired sensory perception

Reduced intellectual functions

Front 24

Describe the characteristics of Cones and Rods in the human eye…

Back 24

Cones: centered around the optic nerve.

Cones are Color sensitive

Cones are responsible for Direct vision in good light.

—————————————

Rods: concentrated further from the Fovea

Rods detect Shapes and Movement

Rods have No sensitivity to color

Rods are 10,000 times more light sensitive than cones.

Front 25

Define Ergonomics:

Back 25

is…the study of man in his working environment.

Front 26

Define Ergonomics:

Back 26

Ergonomics is the study of man in his working environment.

Front 27

Name the five (5) FAA-defined Hazardous Attitudes:

Back 27

Resignation, meaning,…Whats the use

Anti-Authority, meaning,…Dont tell me

Invulnerability, meaning,…It wont happen to me.

Impulsivity, meaning,…Do it quickly, Dont stop to think.

Macho, meaning,…I can do it.

Hint 27

“I AM I-rResponsible”

Front 28

What are the responsibilities of the Federal Aviation Administration?

Back 28

Regulating civil aviation to promote safety

Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology

Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft

Researching and Developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics

Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation

Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation

Hint 28

R3D2E

Front 29

What were the first communication methods to aircraft, and the first long range navigation techniques?

Back 29

Visual Signals

Flagmen, formed the Archie League in Saint Louis-Missouri

At first, visual reference to landmarks, roads, and railways.

Air Way Beacon System, established after World War 1 in the (1920s)

Front 30

What was the Air Commerce Act?

Back 30

Congress passed the Air Commerce Act in 1926.

It charged the Secretary of Commerce with fostering air commerce, issuing and enforcing air traffic rules, licensing pilots, certifying aircraft, establishing airways, and operating and maintaining aids to air navigation.

Front 31

Define NextGen:

Back 31

NextGen is a Multi-year, multi-agency effort to develop an air transportation system for the year 2025 and beyond.

Front 32

What did the F A A replace the N A S Plan with and when?

Back 32

In February 1991, F A A replaced the N A S Plan with the more comprehensive…Capital Investment Plan.

The new plan incorporated the N A S plan projects and included higher levels of automation as well as new radar, communications, and weather forecasting systems.

Front 33

What prompted the firing of 11,400 controllers by President Reagan?

Back 33

Labor Unrest

Labor contract between the FAA and PATCO expired March 1981.

PATCO rejected a Reagan-administration contract proposal on June 17th

PATCO strikes on Aug 3rd,

12thousand 300 members of the total 15,000 controllers were on strike, grounding 35% of US flights.

Reagan issued an ultimatum: 48 hours to return to work or face permanent dismissal.

Front 34

What facilitated the creation of a profitable, commercial airline industry and Why?

Back 34

The Air-Mail Act of 1925

Why?

Creation of commercial passenger services.

Pan American, Western Air Express, Ford -Air Transport Service all implemented commercial air service.

By the Mid-1930s, four domestic airlines were created, and dominated commercial travel, for most of the 20th century.

Front 35

Where can you find pilot/controller terminology, and what is it called?

Back 35

Located in the AIM (Aeronautical Information Manual), the Pilot/Controller Glossary was compiled to promote a common understanding of the terms used in the Air Traffic Control system. It includes those terms which are intended for pilot/controller communications.