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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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According to the text, why did Americans face an uphill battle in constructing and following a new Constitution? |
Because they had a decade of lawbreaking and constitution smashing |
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At what rate was the Republic growing in 1789? |
Population was doubling about every twenty-five years. |
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What was the population of the United States in 1790? Why do we know this number? |
4 million; US Constitution requires a census every 10 years |
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Despite the flourishing cities, what percentage of the population lived in rural areas? |
90% |
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What will be the first state to enter the union after the original thirteen? |
Vermont |
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What was unique about George Washington's Electoral College victory in 1789 compared to all other presidents? How was he elected? |
Only unanimous nomination; Only the Electors voted; the common man didn't vote until 1824. |
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What qualities did Washington possess which helped make him our “Father of our Country”? |
6 feet 2 inches and in good shape (never over 200lbs), broad and sloping shoulders, didn’t angle for the office, commanded with strength of character rather than by arts of a politician. |
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What famous quote is associated with Washington concerning “firsts”? |
First in War. First in Peace. First in the hearts of his countrymen. |
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Why did Washington create his cabinet? |
He knew the duties of the President was too overwhelming for one individual. You must have advisors to be successful. |
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Which branch of the government created the first three cabinet positions? |
Legislative Branch |
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What were the first three cabinet positions and were their Secretaries? |
State—Thomas Jefferson, Treasury—Alexander Hamilton, War—Henry Knox |
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How many cabinet positions do we presently have (can’t trust the book, because it’s missing The Department of Homeland Security)? |
17 |
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How were 26 of the 27 Constitutional Amendments ratified? |
2/3 vote of both houses of Congress and ¾ vote by state legislatures. |
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What is unique about James Madison creating both the Constitution and the Bill of Rights? |
One was a strong centralized government and the other was meant to protect individuals from that same strong central government. |
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List the first ten amendments and what they protect. What two amendments were never ratified? What was the purpose for the creation of the bill of rights? |
1st â Freedom of Religion: Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause, freedom of speech, of the press, and of assembly; right to petition 2nd - Militia (United States), Sovereign state, Right to keep and bear arms. 3rd - Protection from quartering of troops. 4th - Protection from unreasonable search and seizure 5th - due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, eminent domain 6th - Trial by jury and rights of the accused; Confrontation Clause, speedy trial, public trial, right to counsel 7th - Civil trial by jury 8th - Prohibition of excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment 9th - Protection of rights not specifically enumerated in the Constitution 10th - Powers of States and people Not passed: Art 1 Apportionment Art 2 Congressional pay raises (ratified in 1992 as 27th amendment) Bill of rights protects individuals from Fed Gov |
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What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 create? |
Federal courts and the Supreme court |
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How many members did SCOTUS originally have?Now? |
6-9 |
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How wereJefferson and Hamilton’s views different concerning government? |
Jefferson wanted a farmersparadise with a very small central government. Hamiltonian democracy says that Americashould be a cosmopolitan, commercial and industrial place (which it is...we area Hamiltonian paradise) |
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What does EPluribus Unum mean? |
Out of Many, One |
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What is themotto of the US?
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E Pluribus Unum
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Why did Alexander Hamilton favor a nationaldebt? How as Hamilton going to pay for the debt? |
The more creditors to whom the government owedmoney, the more people there would be with a personal stake in the success ofthe US; Tariffs and internal taxes (excise taxes). |
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What did theCompromise of 1790 (first of three compromises every thirty years to try andprevent a Civil War) do? |
Allowed for the assumptionof all public debt by the States during the American Revolution (opposed bySoutherners), Allowed for the creation of an excise tax on alcohol, Creation ofthe Bank of the United States, and located the capital of the United States inthe South (Virginia and Maryland).
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Which excise tax will cause Washington to deploy the National Army? Where was the rebellion?
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Excise tax on Whiskey. Pennsylvania
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What is Hamilton's rationale for the creation of a Bank of the United States? |
It would provide needed paper money and thus provide a sound and stable national currency |
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According to Thomas Jefferson, which Amendment to the Constitution prohibited the federal government from creating a Bank of the United States?
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10th |
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26. Which clause will be used to justify the creation of the Bank of the United States?
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Necessary and Proper Clause or elastic clause
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27. Which type of power allowed Congress to create the Bank of the United States?
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implied
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28. What type of interpretation of the Constitution did Hamilton use in the creation of the Bank of the United States? Which interpretation did Jefferson want used?
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Loose—Strict
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29. How long was the Bank of the United States first chartered for?
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Twenty years
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30. What is Old Monongahela Rye? |
Rye and corn alcohol produced in PA |
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31. What was the cry by PA citizens concerning the Whiskey tax? |
Liberty and No Excise |
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32. This political party is most associated with Alexander Hamilton?
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Federalists
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33. In what year did the modern day Democratic Party evolve?
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1832 (2nd term of Andrew Jackson)
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34. In what year did the modern day Republican Party evolve?
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1854
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35. During what time period was there one party conscience? |
Ghent Nationalism (1816-1820) According to Hjort (I will talk about it more in class) |
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36. In what Presidential election did we see the death of the Federalist Party? Who was elected president?
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1816 James Madison
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37. What was the major cause of the death of the Federalist Party (not in this chapter)?
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Their opposition to the War of 1812 and the Hartford Convention (1st discussion of succession from the United States before the Civil War).
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38. How did the Founding Fathers envision political parties?
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They didn’t.
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39. What type of party system do we have in the United States?
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Two-Party
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40. Which political party would have supported the French Revolution?
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Democratic-Republicans
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41. What surprising proclamation did Washington make in 1793 and what did it concern?
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Neutrality in the war between Britain and France. Surprising because the French had helped us 15 years prior in the Am. Rev.
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42. Who was Citizen Edmond Genat? |
French representative who landed in South Carolina trying to drum up support for the French in their war against Britain |
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43. What was Citizen Genêt’s major mistake (not addressed in the chapter)?
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Skipped Washington before others
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44. How did Washington's neutrality help US trade? |
The British fleets would have blockaded the American coasts and cut off supplies. |
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45. How did the British upset the Americans in the French West Indies?
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Seized about three hundred merchant ships, impressed scores of seamen into service on British vessels, and threw hundreds of others into foul dungeons.
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46. Why did the Federalists refuse to challenge the British after the many things they did to the Americans?
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Most Federalists were northerners and their business ties were with the British.
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47. What promise did the British make in Jay's treaty again? |
Promised to evacuate the chain of posts on US soil. |
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48. What other concession did the British make in Jay’s treaty?
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Pay damages for the recent seizures of American ships
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49. Which provision left out of Jay's treaty upset Americans? |
Did not address future maritime seizures and impressments. |
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50. What unintended consequence did Jay's treaty have upon party politics? |
Vitalized the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson |
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51. Which treaty was signed between the US and Spain granting the Americans free navigation of the Mississippi and the large disputed territory north of Florida?
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Pinckney’s
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52. What tradition established by Washington would last until the 1940s?
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Two-term limit
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53. Which president broke with Washington’s tradition?
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FDR |
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54. What type of alliances did Washington favor?
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Temporary or extraordinary
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55. Which amendment will term limit the President?
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22nd
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56. What two major goals had Washington accomplished in his presidency according to the text?
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Kept the nation out of both overseas entanglements and foreign wars
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57. What was unique about the election results of the election of 1796 concerning the President and VP?
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Adams will be elected, but his opponent, Thomas Jefferson will be elected VP
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58. What nickname did his critics use in describing John Adams?
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His Rotundity
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59. Who did John Adams regard as “the most ruthless, impatient, artful, indefatigable and unprincipled intriguer in the US, if not the world.”?
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Alexander Hamilton
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60. The war factionof the Federalist party was referred to as |
The High Federalists |
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61. This event caused an unofficial war between the United States and France? Describe the event.
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XYZ Affair
John Adams sent Charles Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry to represent the United States before the French government. XYZ required the following concessions: France be paid $50,000 pounds sterling, a $12 million loan from the United States, a $250,000 personal bribe to French foreign minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, and a formal apology for comments made by President John Adams. |
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62. Who were XYZ?
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X was Baron Jean-Conrad Hottinguer, Y was Pierre Bellamy, and Z was Lucien Hauteval who represented France. They were asking for concessions from the American reps.
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63. What famous cry came out of the XYZ Affair? Why is the XYZ Affair considered important? |
Millions for defense, sir, but not one cent for tribute (bribes)!; The United States avoided a full blown war with France. |
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64. What was the purposes of the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?
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Alien Acts: They doubled the number of years of naturalization (7 to 14 years) to become a US citizen (purpose: to prevent more immigrants from becoming new US citizens and preserve the Federalist dominated government).
Sedition Acts: made it a crime to publish "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government or certain officials. |
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65. What two documents will be written by Jefferson and Madison concerning the Federalist witch-hunt?
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Jefferson = Kentucky and Madison = Virginia Resolutions
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66. What policy will these two documents create which will be used in the mid-1800s concerning slavery?
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The policy of nullification of a federal law by State government.
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67. Why did Hamiltonians distrust full-blown democracy? (Mr. Hjortâs fear also) |
Feared the swayability of the untutored common folks |
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68. Which presidential candidate was called a godless heathen?
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Thomas Jefferson
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69. Place the following in Chronological Order: Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, First official census, XYZ affair, Washington reelected president, Judiciary Act of 1789, Convention of 1800, Battle of Fallen Timbers
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Judiciary Act, First official census, Washington reelected, Battle of Fallen, XYZ affair, Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, Convention of 1800.
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