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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the population of the United States in 1870? 1800? |
39 million; 4 million |
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What major problem did Ulysses S. Grant face as the Republican nominee and future President of the United States? |
No experience in politics |
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What was the Republican party platform for the election of 1868? |
Continued Reconstruction of the South under the steel of federal bayonets. |
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What famous phrase did Grant utter concerning his election of 1868? |
“Let us have peace.” |
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What political tactic did the Republicans use in the presidential election of 1868? |
“Waving the Bloody Shirt” |
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What was meant by the answer in #5? |
Reviving gory memories of the Civil War. “Vote as You shot”. |
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What three state did not cast votes in the election of 1868? Why? |
Texas, Mississippi, Virginia—not returned to the Union yet. |
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Who probably was most responsible for Grant’s victory in 1868? |
500,000 former slaves in the South |
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Which two men crafted a plot in 1869 to corner the gold market by bribing Grant’s brother-in-law with $25,000? |
“Jubilee Jim” Fisk and Jay Gould |
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Which political boss ran Tammany Hall in NYC? |
William “Boss” Tweed |
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Which political party was associated with Tammany Hall? |
Democratic Party |
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Which man was responsible for heading the prosecution of the head of Tammany Hall? |
Samuel J. Tilden |
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What cartoonist became famous for his caricatures of Boss Tweed? |
Thomas Nast |
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This scandal happened before President Grant took office, but will be blamed on his administration. It involved the forming of a construction company and then cleverly hiring the same construction company at inflated prices to build the railroad line, earning dividends as high as 348%--nice turn on your money. |
Crédit Mobilier scandal |
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This scandal in the Grant administration robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues. |
Whiskey Ring |
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This scandal saw Grant’s Secretary of War William Belknap take bribes from suppliers to Indian Reservations and later had to resign from office. |
“Indian scandal” |
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What was the slogan of the Liberal Republicans in the election of 1872? |
“Turn the Rascals Out and end the military Reconstruction” |
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What caused the Panic of 1873? |
Overreaching promoters of railroad track and land speculation caused Bankers to make imprudent loans to finance these enterprises. People were unable to pay and caused credit-houses to fold. |
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“Cheap Money” supporters would favor what type of monetary policy? |
The printing of more greenbacks (paper money). |
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What did Westerners demand because of the “Crime of 73”? |
“Dollar of Our Daddies” |
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What effect did the hard-money policy have on the Republican party in the congressional election of 1874? |
Democrats took control of the House of Representatives and the Greenback Labor political party is formed (third party) |
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Who coined the phrase the “Gilded Age”? |
Mark Twain in 1873 |
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What was meant by the term “Gilded Age”? What is the time period for the Gilded Age? |
The US looked good on the outside, but was corrupt on the inside—like a spray painted pottery vase in gold; 1865 - 1900 |
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What could be one of the causes for the nearly 80% voter turnout in the three decades after the Civil War? |
Many people voting many times. Paying people to vote. |
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Why did the Democrats have a solid electoral base in the South and in the northern industrial cities? |
The South was controlled by Black Codes and many policies which deterred Former slaves from voting (grandfather clauses, literacy tests, poll tests). The Democratic political machines controlled the North. |
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What is political patronage? |
The ability of the winners of political races to appoint their supporters to positions of power. |
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What were the Half-Breeds in favor of? |
Civil service reform |
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What were Conklingites in favor of? |
Patronage |
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Who will become the champion of the Half-Breeds? What was a Half-Breed? |
James Blaine of Maine; The Half-Breeds were a moderate-wing group, and they were the opponents of the Stalwarts, the other main faction of the Republican Party. |
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What three states will be disputed in the election of 1876? |
Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana |
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Who will be elected president in 1876? |
Rutherford B. Hayes |
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What compromise will allow him to be elected? |
Compromise of 1877 |
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What did the Electoral Count Act establish? |
An electoral commission to fix the problem with the three states in dispute |
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What was the problem with the three states in dispute? |
All three sent in Republican and Democrat tickets. Use ether and that would cause that party to win the election. |
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What major compromise will be made in 1877 which allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to become president? |
The withdrawal of federal troops from the South. |
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What was the last feeble gasp of the congressional radical Republicans in 1875? |
The Civil Rights Act of 1875 |
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What did the act try to accomplish? |
Supposedly guaranteed equal accommodations in public places and prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection. (Will not happen until the Civil Rights Act of 1964) |
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What was the problem with the Act? |
No real punishment for violations |
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Why did SCOTUS rule the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 unconstitutional? |
The Court declared that the 14th Amendment prohibited only government violations of civil rights, not the denial of civil rights of individuals. |
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What did the Democrat “Redeemers” favor? |
The return to Black Codes, forced Blacks and poor whites into sharecropping and tenant farming, and helped to create Jim Crow laws (separate, but equal). |
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This system had storekeepers extend credit to small farmers for food and supplies and in return took a lien on their harvest, but many merchants manipulated the system so that farmers remained perpetually in debt to them. |
“Crop-lien” system |
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This Supreme Court case established the policy of Separate, but Equal better known as segregation? |
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
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What major event reduced lynching to single digits in the US between 1940 and 1950? |
WWII |
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What was Rutherford Hayes response to striking railway workers in 1877? |
Sent in federal troops to end the strike. |
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Why did Chinese immigration to the United States dramatically drop in the census of 1900? Which group in the United States were in favor of this policy? |
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882; Unions because of competition in the job force. |
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Which of the transcontinental railroads were the Chinese responsible for building? |
Central Pacific |
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What issue did James Garfield run on in the election of 1880? |
Civil Service reform |
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Why was he shot? |
Charles Guiteau thought that Garfield’s civil service reform had cost him a job and he thought Chester Arthur (VP) would be pro-patronage. |
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Who became president when Garfield was shot? |
Chester A. Arthur |
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What is a Stalwart? |
Someone who was in favor of political patronage |
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What surprise did Arthur deliver upon Garfield’s assassination? |
When he became president he changed his stance concerning patronage. |
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What famous Act will be passed by the Arthur administration (1883)? |
Pendleton Act |
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James Blaine will run against Grover Cleveland in the 1884 presidential election. What letters will doom Blaine’s run for president? |
Mulligan letters, linking Blaine with a Boston businessman and a corrupt deal involving federal favors to a southern railroad. |
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What was the Republican taunt for Grover Cleveland in 1884? Why did they make this? What was the Democrats answer to the taunt? |
“Ma, ma, where’s my pa?” Cleveland had an affair with a widow and produced a son which he helped financially support.“Gone to the White House, ha, ha, ha!” |
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Which political party will be called the party of “Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion” in the election of 1884? What was the meaning of each? |
Democrats; the phrase singled out Irish Catholics, many of whom lived in the large urban centers like New York and Boston. The phrase catered to the stereotype of the drunken Irishman and demeaned the Catholic faith. Most all Irish were Roman Catholic.The term “Rebellion” was a typical post Civil War Republican ploy of “waving the bloody shirt,” reminding voters that it had been the Democrats who were responsible for the great bloodshed and connecting them to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. |
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What issues did Grover Cleveland face in his first term? |
Tariffs (tried to lower tariffs, but Republican Congress), Signed the Scott Act which didn’t permit Chinese to return to the US once they have left, signed a bill that created the Interstate Commerce Commission, was married in the White House to the youngest first lady (21 years old). |
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What man will win the presidency in 1888 to become the first grandson to be elected President? |
Benjamin Harrison |
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Who was known as Czar Reed? Why? |
Thomas B. Reed of Maine—he counted the roll calls in Congress counting the Democrats there when they might not be present to pass his legislation. |
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What was unique about the Congress of 1888? |
First Billion Dollar Congress—spent a billion. |
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What political party will come about because of the drumbeat of discontent? |
Populists Party |
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What reforms did this party call for? |
The unlimited coinage of silver at the rate of sixteen ounces of silver to one ounce of gold; graduated income tax; government ownership of the railroads, telegraph and telephone; the direct election of US Senators; a one-term limit on the presidency; the adoption of the initiative and referendum to allow citizens to shape legislation more directly; a shorter workday; and immigration restrictions. |
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Which of these reforms will eventually be passed? |
Direct election of US Senators (17th amendment); adoption of the initiative and referendum; graduated income tax; shorter workday; immigration restrictions. |
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What was Grover Cleveland’s reaction to the Homestead Strike of 1892 in Pittsburgh, PA at an Andrew Carnegie factory? |
Sent troops in to stop the violence. |
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What did the “grandfather clause” prevent? |
If you could not pass the literacy test or pay the poll tax to vote, but your forebears had voted in 1860 then you could vote—helped to prevent blacks from voting. |
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What caused the Panic of 1893 (20 years after 73)? |
result of over speculation by investors that artificially inflated the price of stocks; stocks took a tumble & didn't recover for almost 4 years, labor disorders, and the ongoing agricultural depression, European banking houses began to call in American loans. |
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Which financier (“the bankers’ banker”) helped to get the United States out of the Depression of 1893 by securing $65 million in gold to back the dollar? |
J.P. Morgan |
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Which president are known as the “forgotten presidents”? |
Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Harrison and Cleveland are often referred to as the |
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Place the following in Chronological order: Cleveland defeats Blain for President, Telephone is invented, Plessy v. Ferguson, Whiskey Ring, Chinese Exclusion Act, Compromise of 1877, “Billion-Dollar” Congress, Depression of 1893. |
Telephone is invented, Whiskey Ring, Compromise of 1877, Chinese Exclusion Act, Cleveland defeats Blaine, “Billion-Dollar” Congress, Depression of 1893, Plessy v. Ferguson. |
