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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alexander Hamilton
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Hamilton was one of the people who wanted to change the Articles of Confederation because he wanted a strong central government. He wrote about half the Federalist Papers, which helped to secure ratification of the Constitution by New York and remain the single most important interpretation of the Constitution. In the new government under President Washington he became Secretary of the Treasury.
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The Founding Fathers
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The founding fathers discussed
the topic of a new constitution in the Philadelphia State House from May to September 1787. |
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The Virginia Plan
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James Madison, also had a plan (Virginia Plan)
that called for a legislature with two houses. The lower house would have members that was determined by the number of people within the state. The upper house would then be elected by the lower house. Small states disapproved of the Virginia Plan because they have a smaller population. William Patterson of New Jersey wanted a federal government. |
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The Great Compromise
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. In July, 16, 1787,
the Great Compromise was made and it stated that slaves will count as three-fifths representation and taxation. Also the upper house of the legislature will get two members from each state. As for slavery, the new legislature cannot tax exports and impose a duty of more than ten dollars. |
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James Madison
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James Madison proposed
that a large republic should have different faction centers of powers that would check each other. |
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Sovereignty
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the right to be independent and govern your own state
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Separation of Powers
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.the separation of powers into the
legislative, executive, and judiciary branch. The Congress would be made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate that had members elected in a different way for a different term. On September 17, 1787, thirty-nine delegates signed the Constitution. |
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Federalists
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The Federalist were prominent businessmen who had
fought in the American Revolution. The most well known Federalist was the 2nd President of the United States John Adams who was the very first Vice President of the United States when George Washington served as President. John Adams stood for a fiscally sound and strong nationalistic government, but disagreed with Alexander Hamilton's economic program that involved the Federal Government to incur the debts of all the states caused by the American Revolution. Hamilton's program would have caused a "national debt", the means to pay it off by having a national bank. |
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Anti-Federalists
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They were mostly farmers and workers, not the
prominent business owners. They were opposed to a strong nationalistic government. They opposed the originally drafted US Constitution, until the Bill of Rights were added as Amendments, insisting it made the National Government too strong and the ability to wield too much power over the States |
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The Federalist Papers
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Hamilton and the Federalists
He wrote about half the Federalist Papers, which helped to secure ratification of the Constitution by New York and remain the single most important interpretation of the Constitution. |
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The Bill of Rights
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list of rights that we as the citizen of the United States have. This bill protects the rights of the governed and limits th power of the government.
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The Cabinet
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The Congress
would be made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate that had members elected in a different way for a different term. On September 17, 1787, thirty-nine delegates signed the Constitution. |
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Bank of the United States
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the Bank of the United States was
established, and taxes were raised. The positive outcomes were the public credit was restored, bonds were able to sell houses at higher prices, speculators as well as merchants and manufacturers reaped profits. The cons on the other side include the small farmers complaining about both the property and distillery tax. |
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Whiskey Rebellion
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The residents of western
Pennsylvania played a major role in the "Whiskey Rebellion." It was the violent reaction of the people in this area that compelled President George Washington to call 12,950 militia men to suppress the rebellion in 1794. The residents of western Pennsylvania not only threatened the excise tax collectors, they proceeded to carry out their threats. An angry mob marched on collector John Neville's in Washington County, had a shoot out with him and his slaves, and eventually burned his . Fortunately, Neville narrowly escaped the grasp of the crowd. Not only did this mob attack the tax collector but they also stole the mail from a post rider leaving Pittsburgh. The logic behind this action was to discover who in the local area opposed the rebels. This was a federal offense for which the rebels could be prosecuted. Their actions of civil disobedience should not be considered as totally without justification. |
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Citizen Great
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he Great Citizen (Russian: Великий гражданин, translit. Velikiy grazhdanin) was the first Soviet made for TV movie made March 25, 1938.[citation needed] It was directed by Fridrikh Ermler
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Jay's Treaty
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The Jay Treaty smoothed and increased trade between the
countries, and it averted another war until 1812, and this pleased both sides. Jay Treaty gained the primary American desires, which included the withdrawal of units of the British Army from forts that it had stayed in control of in the Northwest Territory of the United States (the area west of Pennsylvania) |
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Pinckney's Treaty
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The treaty was proclaimed
on August 3, 1796. By terms of the treaty, Spain and the United States agreed that the southern boundary of the United States with the Spanish Colonies of East Florida and West Florida was a line beginning on the Mississippi River at the 31st degree north latitude drawn due east to the middle of the Chattahoochee River and from there along the middle of the river to the junction with the Flint River and from there straight to the headwaters of the St. Marys River and from there along the middle of the channel to the Atlantic Oce |
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The Quasi War
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Congress
authorized Adams to expand the navy as French privateers continued to capture American merchant ships. On July 7, 1798, Congress rescinded all treaties with France and the US Navy was ordered to seek out and destroy French warships and privateers operating against American commerce. Signed on September 30, 1800, the Treaty of Mortefontaine ended hostilities between the US and France, as well as terminated all previous agreements and established trade ties between the nations |
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The XYZ Affair
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Adams reported to Congress on the XYZ Affair. The
previous year, in an attempt to prevent war, Adams sent a delegation to Paris to negotiate peace between the two nations. Upon arriving in France, the delegation was told by three French agents, referred to in reports as X, Y, and Z, that in order to speak to Foreign Minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, they would have to pay a large bribe, provide a loan for the French war effort, and Adams would have to apologize for anti-French statements. |
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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Known collectively as the Alien and Sedition
Acts, the legislation sponsored by the Federalists was also intended to quell any political opposition from the Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson. The first of the laws was the Naturalization Act, passed by Congress on June 18. This act required that aliens be residents for 14 years instead of 5 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship. Congress then passed the Alien Act on June 25, authorizing the President to deport aliens "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States" during peacetime. The third law, the Alien Enemies Act, was enacted by Congress on July 6. This act allowed the wartime arrest, imprisonment and deportation of any alien subject to an enemy power. The last of the laws, the Sedition Act, passed on July 14 declared that any treasonable activity, including the publication of "any false, scandalous and malicious writing |
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (or Resolves) were political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures resolved to not abide by Alien and Sedition Acts. They argued that the Acts were unconstitutional and therefore void, and in doing so, they argued for states' rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution. They were written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, respectively.
The principles behind the resolutions became known as the "Principles of '98". Adherents argue that the individual states can judge the constitutionality of central government laws and decrees, and can refuse to enforce laws deemed unconstitutional. Such refusal was called nullification in the Kentucky Resolutions of 1798, while the Virginia Resolutions of 1798 refer to "interposition" to express the idea of the states’ right to "interpose" between the federal government and the people of the state. |
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Aaron Burr
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considered a “revolution?”
n 1800, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, both members of the Democratic-Republican party, received 73 electoral votes. Adams got 65. How to break the tie? The Constitution provides for this, empowering the House of Representatives to choose the president through a direct popular vote. This was before the candidates were running for president and vice-president. The Founding Fathers assumed that voters would naturally vote this way |
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The Judiciary Act of 1801
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he Midnight Judges Act (also known as the Judiciary Act of 1801; 2 Stat. 89) represented an effort to solve an issue in the U.S. Supreme Court during the early 19th century. There was concern, beginning in 1789, about the system that required the justices of the Supreme Court to “ride circuit” and reiterate decisions made in the appellate level courts.[1] The Supreme Court justices often took advantage of opportunities to voice concern and to suggest that the judges of the Supreme and circuit courts be divided.
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