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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A. Philip Randolph
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One of America's leading black labor leaders who called for a march on Washington D.C. to protest factories' refusals to hire African Americans, which eventually led to President Roosevelt issuing an order to end all discrimination in the defense industries.
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Douglas MacArthur
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The Philippines had been embarrassing for the U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur had to sneak away. The general made a pledge, however, to return.
After the U.S. lost in the Philippines, the Japanese made the captured soldiers hike the infamous "Bataan Death March"—85 miles where, if you stumbled, you died. The U.S. finally gave up and surrendered Corregidor, an island/fort in Manila Harbor. |
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George Patton
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The D-Day Invasion began on June 6, 1944. It was the largest amphibious assault in history.
The Allies had to cross the channel, wade ashore, cross the wide beach, scale 100 foot bluffs, and overtake German bunkers—while being shot at by machine guns and artillery. The Allies did it. After gaining a toehold at Normandy, the Allies began spreading out. Gen. George S. Patton led U.S. troops across the French countryside. Paris was liberated in August of 1944—a major morale boost for the Allies. |
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War Production Board
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took control of industry. It halted production of non-essential items like passenger cars.
Rubber was a much-needed item because Japan had overtaken the rubber tree fields of British Malaya. Gasoline was rationed to help save tires. |
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Fair Employment Practice Commissions
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FDR also set up the Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) to serve as a watchdog over the discrimination ban.
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Smith Connally Act
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Congress passed the Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act (1943) giving the federal government the authority to seize and run industries crippled by strikes. The government took over the coal mines and railroads, briefly.
All-in-all, strikes were minimal during the war. |
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CORE (second major civil rights organization—what is the first?)
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Black organizations increased in membership. The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) neared the half-million mark and CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) was founded
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WAACS, WAVES, SPARS
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There were some 15 million men and 216,000 women in the military during WWII.
The most famous women were the WAACS (in the Army), the WAVES (Navy), and the SPARS (Coast Guard). |
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Braceros
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Since most able-bodied men were off at war, industry needed workers.
The bracero program brought workers from Mexico to harvest crops. The program was successful and stayed on about 20 years after the war. |
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Korematsu v. U.S. and Executive Order 9066
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Though jailed without due process of law, the Supreme Court upheld the internment camps in the Korematsu v. U.S. case.
Notably, in 1988, the government apologized and offered reparations of $20,000 to each camp survivor. Many New Deal programs were ended as the war began. Now, all jobs would be war jobs. Unlike WWI, WWII was not made out to be an idealistic crusade. It was just the dirty work of defeating the bad guys. |
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Casablanca Conference
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Roosevelt and Churchill met at the Casablanca Conference to flesh out plans (Jan. 1943). They agreed to seek the "unconditional surrender" of Germany.
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Tehran Conference
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Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin met at the Tehran Conference (Nov.-Dec. 1943) to formulate goals and coordinate attacks.
The groundwork was laid for a massive assault across the English channel (eventual D-Day invasion). Gen. Eisenhower was placed in charge of the assault. The attack would take place on the beaches of Normandy on the French coast. The Germans had guessed the sure-to-come attack would be at Calais because that's the narrowest point of the channel. The Allies offered fakes and bluffs there to confuse the enemy. |
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Potsdam Conference
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Rookie Pres. Harry Truman met with Stalin and British officials at the Potsdam Conference (July 1945). The final statement to Japan was: surrender or be destroyed.
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D-Day
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The D-Day Invasion began on June 6, 1944. It was the largest amphibious assault in history.
The Allies had to cross the channel, wade ashore, cross the wide beach, scale 100 foot bluffs, and overtake German bunkers—while being shot at by machine guns and artillery. The Allies did it. After gaining a toehold at Normandy, the Allies began spreading out. Gen. George S. Patton led U.S. troops across the French countryside. Paris was liberated in August of 1944—a major morale boost for the Allies |
