Ap Us History Chapter 28

Front 1

Kitchen Debate-

Back 1

1959 debate between Nixon and Soviet Premier Khrushchev

Front 2

Pax Americana-

Back 2

Post-WWII period when US was wealthiest & most powerful nation

Front 3

Oligopolies-

Back 3

Where few control much (as in a few US companies controlling much of the US economy)

Front 4

Conglomerates-

Back 4

Combined companies in unrelated industries (as in a telephone company buying a hotel chain)

Front 5

Bretton Woods System-

Back 5

Post-war system that made the US dollar as world’s currency standard & created the World Bank to provide loans for rebuilding after war, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to stabilize currencies, and GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) to foster international trade

Front 6

AFL-CIO-

Back 6

1955 labor union that combined the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Workers

Front 7

GDP-

Back 7

Gross Domestic Product: the values of everything an economy produces in a particular nation

Front 8

Levittowns-

Back 8

Pre-fab suburban communities that sprang up all over the US after WWII

Front 9

FHA-

Back 9

Federal Housing Administration. Provided cheap loans to help Americans buy houses after WWII

Front 10

Restrictive Covenants-

Back 10

Neighborhood rules that often discriminated against minorities but were ruled unconstitutional in Shelly v. Kraemer (1948)

Front 11

Sun Belt-

Back 11

Southern & Western states which grew rapidly after WWII

Front 12

National Interstate and Defense Highway Act-

Back 12

1956 interstate highway bill

Front 13

Diners Club-

Back 13

First credit card introduced in 1950

Front 14

Nuclear Family-

Back 14

Parents & children who live apart from extended family members

Front 15

The Power of Positive Thinking-

Back 15

Peale’s popular 1952 book that encouraged people to see religion as a way to deal with modern stress

Front 16

Baby Boom-

Back 16

Post-WWII explosion in birth rates

Front 17

The Feminine Mystique-

Back 17

Friedan’s 1963 book that challenged the idea that women should focus on homemaking

Front 18

Rock ‘n’ Roll-

Back 18

Youth music of the 1950s that was a combination of C & W and R & B

Front 19

Alan Freed-

Back 19

Cleveland disc jockey most responsible for introducing white Americans to black R & B

Front 20

Elvis Presley-

Back 20

First major rock ‘n’ roll star of the 1950s

Front 21

Mattachine Society-

Back 21

Gay rights organization of the 1950s

Front 22

Daughters of Bilitis-

Back 22

Lesbian rights organization of the 1950s

Front 23

Pollock-

Back 23

1950s abstract impressionist painter

Front 24

The Beats-

Back 24

1950s counter-culture writers like poet Ginsberg (Howl) and novelist Kerouac (On the Road) who rejected traditional American society

Front 25

War Brides Act-

Back 25

1945 law allowing US servicemen to bring their foreign brides to US

Front 26

McCarran-Walter Act-

Back 26

1952 law that ended the exclusion of Asian immigrants

Front 27

Operation Wetback-

Back 27

1953-54 US program to deport Mexican immigrants to reduce unemployment rates

Front 28

Urban Renewal-

Back 28

Post-war attempt to improve cities as people (particularly whites) flocked to suburbs and cities deteriorated

Front 29

Election of 1960-

Back 29

Democrat Kennedy defeats repub Nixon in a very close election

Front 30

Twenty-Second Amendment-

Back 30

1951. Limited presidents to 2 terms

Front 31

New Frontier-

Back 31

Kennedy’s program of vigorous governmental activism at home and abroad

Front 32

New Politics-

Back 32

Kennedy’s campaign tactic of emphasizing his youth & charisma rather than specific issues & platforms

Front 33

Nixon-Kennedy Debates-

Back 33

Televised presidential debates in 1960 that helped Kennedy most due to his charismatic on-screen presence

Front 34

Flexible Response-

Back 34

Kennedy’s foreign policy approach that emphasized both conventional and nuclear responses to communist aggression

Front 35

Counterinsurgency-

Back 35

Kennedy idea of helping anti-communists fight communists by offering military training & weapons

Front 36

Peace Corps-

Back 36

Kennedy program to help developing nations and bring them into US/anti-communist orbit

Front 37

Cuban Missile Crisis-

Back 37

Oct 1962. Communist Castro allows Soviet Premier Khrushchev to put nukes in Cuba. Kennedy quarantines Cuba with US navy & Khrushchev & Castro back down.

Front 38

Bay of Pigs-

Back 38

Kennedy-supported invasion of communist Cuba by anti-communist Cuban émigrés in 1961 that failed

Front 39

Berlin Wall-

Back 39

Built by communists (Khrushchev) in 1961 and became a symbol of the Cold War

Front 40

Alan Shepard-

Back 40

First American in space in 1961

Front 41

John Glen-

Back 41

First American to orbit the earth in 1962

Front 42

Tax Reduction Act-

Back 42

Kennedy’s tax cut (passed after his death in 1964) designed to spur economic growth

Front 43

Sit-ins-

Back 43

Civil Rights tactic of peacefully sitting at segregated lunch counters to bring attention to civil rights issues

Front 44

SNCC-

Back 44

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (aka “Snick”). Led by Ella Baker it staged sit-ins throughout the South in the 1960s

Front 45

Freedom Rides-

Back 45

Organized by Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) to draw attention to segregation in South in the 1960s

Front 46

Robert Kennedy-

Back 46

JFK’s brother and his Attorney General

Front 47

Birmingham, AL-

Back 47

Dubbed “the most segregated city in the US” by Shuttlesworth & King who were attacked by Bull Conner with dogs & fire hoses. Images on the evening news shocked many Americans and gave new energy to the civil rights movement. President Kennedy gave a televised address afterwards supporting civil rights which was hailed as a “Second Emancipation Proclamation”

Front 48

March on Washington-

Back 48

Aug 1963 civil rights demonstration where King gave his “I Have a Dream” speech

Front 49

Kennedy Assassination-

Back 49

Nov 22, 1963. Oswald kills Kennedy in Dallas TX.

Front 50

Lyndon B. Johnson-

Back 50

Kennedy’s VP who took over in Nov 1963 when Kennedy was assassinated

Front 51

Civil Rights Act of 1964-

Back 51

Most comprehensive civil rights bill. Its Title VII outlawed discrimination on basis of race, religion, ethnicity, or sex

Front 52

Freedom Summer-

Back 52

1964. Civil Rights activists go to Mississippi to register blacks to vote and provide other forms of support. 3 activists were murdered for their efforts

Front 53

Voting Rights Act of 1965-

Back 53

Eliminated literacy tests & other means of disenfranchising blacks

Front 54

Twenty-Forth Amendment-

Back 54

Outlawed Poll taxes

Front 55

Election of 1964-

Back 55

Johnson defeats conservative Republican Goldwater in a landslide

Front 56

Great Society-

Back 56

Johnson’s ambitious program of eliminating poverty, improving education, & generally helping the needy

Front 57

Elementary and Secondary-

Back 57

1965 Great Society law that granted $1 bil to needy schools

Front 58

Higher Education Act-

Back 58

1965 Great Society law that granted federal scholarships to needy students

Front 59

Medicare-

Back 59

Great Society law that gave federal healthcare to the elderly

Front 60

Medicaid-

Back 60

Great Society law that gave federal healthcare to the poor

Front 61

National Endowment for the Arts-

Back 61

Great Society law that helped artists

Front 62

National Endowment for the Humanities-

Back 62

Great Society law that helped historians

Front 63

Highway Beautification Act-

Back 63

1965 Great Society law to beautify highways

Front 64

Immigration Act-

Back 64

Great Society law that abandoned quotas for immigrants

Front 65

War on Poverty-

Back 65

Part of Johnson’s Great Society program designed to help people out of poverty

Front 66

Aid to Families with Dependent Children-

Back 66

AFDC. Great Society program to help poor families with children

Front 67

Food Stamps-

Back 67

1964 Great Society program to help poor people buy food

Front 68

Appalachian Regional Development Act-

Back 68

1965 Great Society law to help rural Appalachian region with clinics & public works projects

Front 69

Office of Economic Opportunity-

Back 69

OEO. 1964 Great Society program to fight war on poverty by guaranteeing equal opportunity & providing community action programs like Head Start, Job Corps & Volunteers in Service to America/VISTA