Ap Us History Chapter 12

Front 1

Individualism-

Back 1

De Tocqueville’s word to describe the attitudes of native-born white Americans which valued individuals

Front 2

Ralph Waldo Emerson-

Back 2

American writer, individualist and the founder of transcendentalism

Front 3

Transcendentalism-

Back 3

American intellectual movement of the 1830s-1860s that asserted there is a deeper reality behind the concrete world which people could perceive if they “transcended” the rational, physical world by communing with nature

Front 4

American Lyceum-

Back 4

Started in 1826 it was an organization that sponsored speakers like Emerson & promoted transcendentalism

Front 5

Henry David Thoreau-

Back 5

Transcendentalist author of Walden (1854) who wrote of his own spiritual search for meaning beyond the “civilized” world

Front 6

Margaret Fuller-

Back 6

Transcendentalist author of Women in the Nineteenth Century (1844) which promoted idea that women were capable of transcending and therefore deserved “psychological and social independence”

Front 7

Walt Whitman-

Back 7

Transcendentalist poet and author of Leaves of Grass (1855) which celebrated the individual

Front 8

Nathaniel Hawthorne-

Back 8

Anti-transcendentalist author of The Scarlet Letter (1850) which warned of the dangers of personal freedom and unfettered individualism

Front 9

Herman Melville-

Back 9

Anti-transcendentalist author of Moby Dick (1851) which warned of the dangers of personal freedom and unfettered individualism

Front 10

Utopias-

Back 10

Communities founded by radical reformers to help people achieve moral and social perfection

Front 11

Brook Farm-

Back 11

Utopia founded by transcendentalists in 1841 that soon went bankrupt

Front 12

Shakers-

Back 12

Religious utopian communities founded by “Mother Ann” that emphasized chastity and ecstatic dances (a.k.a.“Shaking Quakers”). Like all Utopian societies they eventually died out.

Front 13

Fourier-

Back 13

French Utopian reformer who predicted the end of individualism and capitalism

Front 14

Phalanxes-

Back 14

Fourier’s cooperative work communities

Front 15

The Social Destiny of Man (1840)-

Back 15

Brisbane’s book promoting Fourier’s ideas

Front 16

John Humphrey Noyes-

Back 16

Radical minister whose theory of perfectionalism emphasized that marriage kept women subservient to men and should be replaced with communal marriages

Front 17

Complex Marriage-

Back 17

Noyes term for his preferred type of marriage (i.e. all members of community married to one another)

Front 18

Oneida-

Back 18

Noyes controversial complex marriage utopia in New York

Front 19

Joseph Smith-

Back 19

Founder of Mormonism

Front 20

Polygamy-

Back 20

The practice of a man having more than one wife at a time

Front 21

Brigham Young-

Back 21

Mormon leader who led 10,000 Mormons to Utah (then Mexican territory) in 1846. He became Utah’s first territorial governor in 1848 after the US had acquired Utah in 1848

Front 22

“Peculiar Institution”-

Back 22

Southern term used to describe slavery

Front 23

Freedom’s Journal-

Back 23

America’s first African American newspaper which was established in 1827 by Samuel D. Cornish

Front 24

An Appeal to the Colored Citizens- Of the World

Back 24

David Walker’s 1829 pamphlet that called for a violent overthrow of slavery

Front 25

Martin Delany-

Back 25

African American activist who urged blacks to achieve “race equality” by using the courts

Front 26

Nat Turner-

Back 26

VA slave who staged a bloody revolt in 1831

Front 27

William Lloyd Garrison-

Back 27

Abolitionist writer for the Genius of Universal Emancipation who started his own paper, The Liberator, in 1831 which called for emancipation without reimbursement

Front 28

Theodore Dwight Weld-

Back 28

Abolitionist author of The Bible Against Slavery (1837)

Front 29

The Grimke sisters-

Back 29

Abolitionists who worked with Weld

Front 30

American Slavery as Is:Testimony- of a Thousand Witnesses (1839)

Back 30

Weld and Grimkes book illustrating the horrors of slavery

Front 31

American Anti-Slavery Society-

Back 31

Weld and Grimkes organization founded in 1833

Front 32

Arthur and Lewis Tappan-

Back 32

Wealthy NY merchants who supported abolitionist movements

Front 33

Female Anti-Slavery Society-

Back 33

Founded in 1833 by Lucrecia Mott

Front 34

Harriet Tubman-

Back 34

Escaped slave who helped other slaves escape into Canada via the Underground Railroad

Front 35

Elijah P. Lovejoy-

Back 35

Abolitionist editor killed by a pro-slavery mob in IL in 1837

Front 36

Gag Rule-

Back 36

1836 rule adopted by the House of Representatives which disallowed the discussion of anti-slavery petitions

Front 37

Liberty Party-

Back 37

Abolitionist political party that ran James G. Birney for president in 1840 but did poorly and dissolved

Front 38

American Female Moral- Reform Society

Back 38

Founded in 1834 by Lydia Finney to help “fallen” women

Front 39

Dorothea Dix-

Back 39

Social reformer of the 1830s and 40s who tried to improve jails, asylums, and hospitals

Front 40

Horace Mann-

Back 40

Public education advocate

Front 41

Catherine Beecher-

Back 41

Female education advocate

Front 42

Maria W. Stewart-

Back 42

African-American abolitionist

Front 43

Harriet Jacobs-

Back 43

Author of shocking anti-slavery book Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861)

Front 44

Harriet Beecher Stowe-

Back 44

Author of anti-slavery book Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Front 45

Seneca Fall Conference-

Back 45

Women’s rights meeting in 1848 led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucrecia Mott

Front 46

Seneca Fall Declaration-

Back 46

Pro-women’s rights document issued at Seneca Falls and based on the Declaration of Independence

Front 47

Susan B. Anthony-

Back 47

Women’s rights advocate who pushed for equal political and legal rights for women