Ap U.s History Ch. 6 Vocabulary

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Mt Vernon Conference

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To review what could be done about the country's inability to overcome critical problems, George Washington hosted this at his home along side representative from Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware.

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Annapolis Convention

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Only five state went there after discussing ways to improve commerical relations among the states, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton persuaded the others that another convention should be held in Philadelphia for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.

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Constitutional Convention

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In 1787, Philadelphia there was a convention of representatives from each of the former colonies, except Rhode Island, at which the constitution of the United States was framed.

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Framers of Constitution

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James Madison worked in revising the Constitution alongside with Alexander Hamilton and John Dickinson.

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James Madison

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Worked alongside Alexander Hamilton to convince people that the convention be place in Philadelphia for revising the Articles of Confederation. Was considered the father of the Constitution

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Alexander Hamilton

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Worked alongside James Madison to convince people that the convention be placed in Philadelphia for revising the Articles of Confederation. A strong nationalists who took control of the government as soon as possible.

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Gouverneur Morris

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He was a Federalist who worked in framing the U.S constitution

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John Dickinson

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He was a Democratic-Republican who worked in framing the U.S constitution.

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checks and balances

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Limits imposed on all branches of a government by vesting in each branch the right to amend or void those acts of another that fall within its domain.

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Virginia Plan

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A plan theorized by James Madison that was unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention providing for a legislature of two houses with proportional representation in each house and executive and judicial branches to be chosen by the legislature.

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New Jersey Plan

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A plan that countered James Madison's Virginia Plan and was unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state.

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Connecticut Plan; Great Compromise

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Provided for a two house Congress also each state would be given equal representation in the Senate.

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House of Representatives

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Each state would be represented by amount of the population.

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Senate

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Each state would be given equal representation.

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Three-fifths Compromise; slave trade

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Counted each slave as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of determining a state's level of taxation and representation. Guaranteed that slaves could be imported for at least 20 years longer.

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Commercial Compromise

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Allowed Congress to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, including placing tariffs (taxes) on foreign imports, but it prohibited placing taxes on any exports.

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Electoral College System

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A body of electors chosen by the voters in each state to elect the President and vice President of the U.S.

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Federalists

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Those who supported the Constitution and a strong supported government.

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Anti-Federalists

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Those who opposed the Federalists and argued that stronger central governments would destroy the work of the Revolution, limit democracy, and restrict states' rights.

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The Federalist Papers

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A series of 85 articles or essays promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay.

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Bill of Rights; amendments

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The Bill of Rights are the first 10 Amendments to the US Constitution. The Bill of Rights guarantees citizens the right to bear arms, the right to due process, freedom of expression and freedom of religion.

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Legislative Branch

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Consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together form the United States Congress.

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Congress

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The bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

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executive departments; cabinet

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Leader of the executive departments was the president. The president approved four department heads secretary of state Thomas Jefferson. Secretary of the treasury was Alexander Hamilton and Secretary of war was Henry Knox. The attorney general was Edmund Randolph. These four men formed the Presidential Cabinet.

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Henry Knox

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Secretary of war

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Edmund Randolph

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Attorney General

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Judiciary Act (1789)

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Established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices.

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federal courts

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Only federal court was Supreme Court. However Congress created other federal courts with lesser powers.

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Supreme Court

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A federal court with one chief justice and five associate justices.

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National Debt

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Jefferson and his supporters agreed to Hamilton's urgent insistence that the U.S govn't pay off the national debt at face value and also assume payment of war debts of the states.

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infant industries

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Young nation that is new and developing.

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national bank

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Washing supported Hamilton on the issue, and the proposed bank was voted into law. The bank was privately owned and the federal govn't could print paper currency and use federal deposits to stimulate business.

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tariffs; excise taxes

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To raise enough revenue to pay the govn't debts, Hamilton persuaded Congress to pass excise taxes, particularly on the sale of whisky.

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French Revolution

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Jefferson and his supporters sympathized with the revolutionary cause. They also argued that, because Britain was seizing American Merchant ships bound for French ports, the U.S should join France in its defensive war against British.

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Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)

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President Washington, however, believed that the young nation was not strong enough to engage in European war issued this Proclamation to end the conflict.

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"Citizen" Edmond Genet

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French Minister of U.S appealed directly to the American people to support the French cause he was recalled by the govn't and he chose to remain in the U.S where he married and became a U.S citizen.

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Jay Treaty (1794)

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Britain practice the seizing of American ships called impressment. John Jay came with a treaty that Britain agreed to evacuate its posts on the U.S western frontier. But it said nothing about British seizure of American merchant ships.

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Pinckney Treaty (1795)

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Thomas Pinckney negotiated a treaty in which Spain agreed to open the lower Mississippi River and New Orleans to American trade.

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Right of deposit

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Granted to Americans so that they could transfer cargoes in New Orleans without paying duties to the Spanish government.

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Battle of Fallen Timbers

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In 1794, the U.S army led by General Anthony Wayne defeated the Shawnee, Wyandot, and other Native American peoples in northwestern Ohio. This was resolved by the Treaty of Greenville in which the chiefs surrendered claims to the Ohio Territory and promised to open it up to settlement.

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Whisky Rebellion (1794)

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In west Pennsylvania, the refusal of a group of farmers to pay the federal excise tax on whisky posed a major challenge to the U.S government under the Constitution. Washington resolved the issue by federalizing 15,000 state militiamen and placing them under the command of Alexander Hamilton.

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Public Land Act (1796)

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Established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands at reasonable prices.

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Federalist era

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In 1790s mostly dominated by two Federalist presidents, political parties began to form around two leading figures, Hamilton and Jefferson.

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Democratic-Republican party

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The party whose supporters were chiefly in the southern states and on the western frontier and whose political philosophy favored the protection of states' rights and strict containment of federal power.

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political parties

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A group of people wanting to take hold and maintain power within the government.

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Washington's farewell address

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The president spoke about policies and practices that he considered unwise. Such as not to get involved in European affairs, not to form political parties, and to avoid sectionalism.

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"permanent alliances"

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Stated in Washington's farewell address he was against the U.S making alliance in foreign affairs. Future presidents would heed as gospel Washington's warning.

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two-term tradition

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Since Washington wanted to leave office after two-terms in the 19th century presidents elected to two terms would voluntarily retire even though the original Constitution placed no limit on a president's tenure in office.

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John Adams

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Won the presidential election by just three electoral votes of the Federalist party.

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XYZ Affair

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Americans were angered by reports that U.S merchant ships were being seized by French warships and privateers. Newspaper reports of the demands made by X, Y, and Z infuriated many Americans.

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Alien and Sedition Acts

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The Alien act authorized the president to deport any aliens considered dangerous and to detain any enemy aliens in time of war. The Sedition act made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize either the president or Congress and imposed heavy penalties for editors who violated the law.

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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

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The Kentucky legislature adopted a resolution that had been written by Thomas Jefferson, and the Virginia legislature adopted a resolution introduced by James Madison. They declared that the states had entered into a "compact" in forming the national govn't, and, therefore, if any act of the federal govn't broke the compact, a state could nullify the federal law.

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Revolution of 1800

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The Federalist quietly accepted their defeat in the election of 1800 and peacefully relinquished control of the federal govn't to Jefferson's party, the Democratic-Republicans.