Ap Us History Vocab Chpt 17

Front 1

cornelius vanderbilt

Back 1

used his money earned from steamboat business to make NY cent.rlrd

Front 2

NY cent.railroad

Back 2

merged local railrds into NY cent.rr which ran from NY to Ch.

Front 3

trunk line

Back 3

major route btwn lrg cities;smaller branch lines connect.the trunk line w/outlying towns

Front 4

fed.land grants

Back 4

subsidies given to companies in prospect of land settlement.1)promoted hasty poor construction &2)led to widespread corruption in all levels of gvmnt

Front 5

transcontinental railroads

Back 5

tied Ca to rest of union

Front 6

union & cent.pacific

Back 6

both helped in making trans.cont railroad.Union buit west.across Great plains & Cent.built across mts.

Front 7

jay gould

Back 7

went into rlrd business for quick profits & made millions by selling off assets & watering stocks

Front 8

watered stocks;pools

Back 8

inflating value of corp's assets & profits before selling to public;companies agreed to fix rates & share traffic

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rebates

Back 9

discounts

Front 10

panic 1893

Back 10

financial panic forced 1/4 rlrds to bankrupt.banker J.P morgan took control of rlrds & created regional monopolies

Front 11

interlocking directories

Back 11

same directors ran competing companies.creating regional monopolies

Front 12

will vanderbilt

Back 12

inherited his father's transport.empire

Front 13

2nd indust.rev

Back 13

growth in heavy industry adn production of steel,petroleum, electric pwr,industry machinery

Front 14

bessemer process

Back 14

process to make lrg.qntty of steel(more durable than iron)by blasting air through molten iron by henry bessemer of Eng.

Front 15

andrew carnegie

Back 15

leader of growing steel indust. produced > steel than all Brit.

Front 16

vertical integration

Back 16

company would control evry stage of indust.process from mining to transport.

Front 17

U.S steel

Back 17

sold by carnegie to j.p morgan for $400 mill.1st bill $ comp.,lrgst enterprise in world,control >3/5 nation's steel business

Front 18

John D.Rockefeller

Back 18

took control of oil refinery business by applying latest tech.& efficient practices

Front 19

horizontal integration

Back 19

former compete companies brought under single corp umbrella

Front 20

standard oil trust

Back 20

rockefeller's company name,controlled 90% oil refinery business.

Front 21

antitrust mvmnt

Back 21

midd.class pple and urban elite(old wealth)feard unchecked pwr of trusts & ^ influence of rich

Front 22

sherman antitrust act 1890

Back 22

prohibit any contract,combo,in the form of trusts or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce

Front 23

U.S v.E.C knight

Back 23

supreme crt ruled that sherman anittrust act could ony apply to commerce,not manufacturing.

Front 24

laissez-faire capitalism

Back 24

business would be motivated by self interests to offer improved goods &services at low prices,if gvnmnt wuld not interfere

Front 25

adam smith

Back 25

argued that business shuld be reuglated by law of supply & demand,not by gvnmnt.

Front 26

social darwinism

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$ shuld be hands of fit and rich alone to benefit the whole as a law of nature

Front 27

herbert spencer

Back 27

concluded that $ be concetrated in hands of "fit" as benefit to human races

Front 28

gospel of wealth

Back 28

idea that everybody had duty to be rich and carry out civic projects to benefit society. justified $ of rich bankers/industrialists

Front 29

russel conwell

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Rev.said evryone had duty to become rich & do civic projects to benefit society

Front 30

protestant work ethic

Back 30

hard work and material success are signs of God's favor"

Front 31

samuel F.B morse

Back 31

invented telegraph that changed speed of communication

Front 32

transatlantic cable

Back 32

invented by cyrus fields,culd send mmsg across the sea instant

Front 33

alexander graham bell

Back 33

invented telephone

Front 34

thomas edison;research lab

Back 34

greatest inventor 0f 19th cent.

Front 35

george westinghouse

Back 35

devlped air brakes for railroads & transformer to produce high voltage alternating current

Front 36

sears,roebuck &montogomery ward

Back 36

2 lrg mail order companies used rail system to ship consumer goods to rural customers

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concentration of $

Back 37

by 1890 richest 10% of pop.controlled 9/10 of nations $. caused by industrialism

Front 38

horatio alger

Back 38

wrote novels of poor young men working their way up to become rich thru hard work,honesty and good luck

Front 39

upward mobility

Back 39

mvmnt into higher $ position

Front 40

white collar workers/midd class

Back 40

workers who usually did not do manual labor.industry expand midd class by offering jobs.

Front 41

david ricardo;iron law of wages

Back 41

justified low wages;said that raising wages arbitrarily would increase the working pop.and would cause wages to fall

Front 42

railroad strike of 1877

Back 42

rlrd companies cut wages during $ depression to reduce costs.workers strike spread to 11 STsmshut dwn 2/3 of rail tracks.

Front 43

nat'l labor union

Back 43

1st attempt to organize all workers in STs.won 8 hr day for fed.employees

Front 44

knights of labor

Back 44

2nd nat'l labor union,1st as secret society to avoid detection by employers,went public under terence powderly

Front 45

terence V.powderly

Back 45

leader of knights of labor.advocated 1)to make man his own employer 2)abolish child labor 3)abolish trusts/monopolies

Front 46

haymarket bombing

Back 46

anarchist bombing of meeting of knights of labor in Ch.

Front 47

american fed of labor

Back 47

concentrated on getting practical $ goals. assc.of 25 craft unions

Front 48

samuel gompers

Back 48

led Am.F of L.went after ^ wages & better conditions.

Front 49

homestead strike

Back 49

henry flick cut wages 20 %.frick used weapons ro defeat workers.the failure set back union mvmnt

Front 50

pullman strike

Back 50

george pullman cut wages & fired leaders of workers delegation.workers appealed to Am.rlrd union,led by eugene Debs.the boycott tied up train-transport across U.S

Front 51

david ricardo;iron law of wages

Back 51

justified low wages;said that raising wages arbitrarily would increase the working pop.and would cause wages to fall

Front 52

railroad strike of 1877

Back 52

rlrd companies cut wages during $ depression to reduce costs.workers strike spread to 11 STsmshut dwn 2/3 of rail tracks.

Front 53

nat'l labor union

Back 53

1st attempt to organize all workers in STs.won 8 hr day for fed.employees

Front 54

knights of labor

Back 54

2nd nat'l labor union,1st as secret society to avoid detection by employers,went public under terence powderly

Front 55

terence V.powderly

Back 55

leader of knights of labor.advocated 1)to make man his own employer 2)abolish child labor 3)abolish trusts/monopolies

Front 56

haymarket bombing

Back 56

anarchist bombing of meeting of knights of labor in Ch.

Front 57

american fed of labor

Back 57

concentrated on getting practical $ goals. assc.of 25 craft unions

Front 58

samuel gompers

Back 58

led Am.F of L.went after ^ wages & better conditions.

Front 59

homestead strike

Back 59

henry flick cut wages 20 %.frick used weapons ro defeat workers.the failure set back union mvmnt

Front 60

pullman strike

Back 60

george pullman cut wages & fired leaders of workers delegation.workers appealed to Am.rlrd union,led by eugene Debs.the boycott tied up train-transport across U.S