A&p: Osseous Tissue & Skeletal (Ch. 6) - Online Chapter Test

Front 1

The function(s) of the skeletal system is (are):

A) it is a storage area for calcium and lipids
B) it provides structural support for the entire body
C) it is involved in blood cell formation
D) all of the above

Back 1

D) all of the above

Front 2

One function of bone is the production of red and white blood cells. These cells are made in what substance in bone?

Back 2

red marrow

Front 3

Which of the following bones is accurately described as an irregular bone?

Back 3

vertebrae

Front 4

Bones forming the roof of the skull and the scapula are referred to as:

Back 4

flat bones

Front 5

Mature bones cells found in lacunae are called:

Back 5

osteocytes

Front 6

Giant multinucleated cells involved in the process of osteolysis are:

Back 6

osteoclasts

Front 7

One of the basic histological differences between compact and spongy bone is that in compact bone:

Back 7

the basic functional unit is the Haversian system

Front 8

Spongy or cancellous bone, unlike compact bone, resembles a network of bony struts separated by spaces that are normally filled with:

Back 8

bone marrow

Front 9

Spongy bone is found primarily at which part of long bones?

Back 9

expanded ends, where they articulate with other skeletal elements

Front 10

Compact bone is usually found where:

Back 10

stresses arrive from a limited range of directions

Front 11

During intramembranous ossification, the developing bone grows outward from the ossification center in small struts called:

Back 11

spicules

Front 12

When osteoblasts begin to differentiate with a connective tissue, the process is called:

Back 12

intramembranous ossification

Front 13

The process during which bones begin development as cartilage models and the cartilage is later replaced by bone is called:

Back 13

endochondral ossification

Note: Chondro = cartilage

Front 14

The region known as the metaphysis is the area where:

Back 14

cartilage is being replaced by bone

Front 15

The bony skeleton begins to form about __________ after fertilization, and usually does not stop growing until about age __________ years.

Back 15

6 weeks; 25 years

Front 16

The process of replacing other tissues with bone is called:

Back 16

ossification

Front 17

Which bone disorder is characterized by the formation of bones in skeletal muscles?

Back 17

myositis ossificans

Front 18

The condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is:

Back 18

osteoporosis

Front 19

A person who chooses to eat a diet of junk food and has a sedentary job is NOT likely to experience which of the following?

Back 19

thickened, prominent ridges on bones in the places of muscle attachment

Front 20

Growth hormone from the pituitary gland and thyroxine from the thyroid gland maintain normal bone growth activity at the:

Back 20

epiphyseal plates

Front 21

Secondary ossification centers can be found in the:

Back 21

epiphyses of a long bone

Front 22

A Pott's fracture, which occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the lower leg, is identified primarily by:

Back 22

dislocation

Front 23

Depressions, grooves, and tunnels in bone indicate:

Back 23

where blood vessels or nerves lie alongside or penetrate bones

Front 24

An anatomical term used to describe a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves is:

Back 24

foramen

Front 25

Changing the magnitude and direction of forces generated by skeletal muscles is an illustration of the skeletal function of:

Back 25

leverage

Front 26

A sesamoid bone would most often be found:

Back 26

near joints at the knee, the hands, and the feet

Front 27

The outer surface of the bone, the periosteum:

A) isolates the bone from surrounding tissues
B) actively participates in bone growth and repair
C) provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply
D) all of the above

Back 27

D) all of the above

Front 28

Osteolysis is an important process in the regulation of:

Back 28

calcium and phosphate concentrations in body fluids

Front 29

A tall, slender person with unusually long, slender limbs because of excess cartilage formation at the epiphyseal cartilages has what disorder?

Back 29

Marfan's syndrome

Front 30

A girl born with nonfunctioning ovaries could be expected to have a deficiency in the activity of which type of cell?

Back 30

osteoblasts

Front 31

Darcy wrecks her bike and experiences a break in the distal portion of her radius, which now projects out of her skin. Which type of fracture does she have?

Back 31

an open Colles' fracture

Front 32

The thyroid regulates bone growth and maintenance through its production of what hormone?

Back 32

thyroxine

Front 33

When the calcium ion concentration of the blood rises above normal, secretion of the hormone calcitonin:

Back 33

increases the rate of calcium ion excretion

Front 34

When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones:

Back 34

grow longer

Front 35

The major advantage(s) for bones to undergo continual remodeling is (are):

A) it may change the internal structure of a bone
B) it may change the shape of a bone
C) it may change the total amount of minerals deposited in the bones
D) all of the above

Back 35

D) all of the above

Front 36

The fibers of tendons intermingle with those of the periosteum, attaching:

Back 36

skeletal muscles to bones

Front 37

Appositional growth:

Back 37

all of the above

Front 38

The type of fracture common in skull injuries is a ______ fracture.

Back 38

depressed

Front 39

The circulating hormones that stimulate bone growth are:

Back 39

growth hormone and thyroxine

Front 40

Appositional bone growth at the outer surface results in:

Back 40

an increase in the diameter of a growing bone

Front 41

The vitamins that are specifically required for normal bone growth are:

Back 41

vitamins C, A, and D

Front 42

Homogenized milk fortified with vitamin D would be effective in preventing what bone disorder in children?

Back 42

rickets

Front 43

Vitamin C is essential to bone health because it:

Back 43

all of the above

Front 44

A fracture in which one side of the shaft is broken and the other side is bent is a:

Back 44

greenstick fracture

Front 45

Which of the following does NOT occur during fracture repair?

A) remodeling of the external callus

B) formation of a fracture hematoma

C) cells from the periosteum and endosteum dividing and differentiating into osteoblasts to secrete
new bone matrix in the injured area

D) dead tissue next to the break being left in the break area and covered by new bone tissue

Back 45

D) dead tissue next to the break being left in the break area and covered by new bone tissue

Front 46

Osteomalacia is caused by a diet deficient in:

Back 46

calcium or vitamin D

Front 47

The condition in which a person's leg bones bend under the weight of their body is:

Back 47

rickets

Front 48

The hormone synthesized in the kidneys that regulates absorption of calcium and phosphate ions in the digestive tract is:

Back 48

calcitriol

Front 49

Fractures that shatter the bone into many small fragments are called ______ fractures.

Back 49

comminuted