Griffin Tch A&p Ahs 101 Chapter 6 (Skeletal)

Front 1

The strong framework on which the body is constructed?

Back 1

Skeleton

Front 2

Bones, joints, and connective tissue form the?

Back 2

Skeletal System

Front 3

Functions of bone?

Back 3

Framework of body, protect structures such as brain and spinal cord, work w/muscles as levers to produce movement, store calcium, produce RBC in red marrow

Front 4

How many bones does the skeleton have?

Back 4

206

Front 5

The central portion is known as the?

Back 5

Axial Skeleton

Front 6

The extremeties make up the ________portion?

Back 6

Appendicular Skeleton

Front 7

Type of bone that is flat and slightly curved?
Example: Ribs & Skull

Back 7

Flat Bones

Front 8

Type of bone that is complicated in shape?
Example: Face & Vertebrae

Back 8

Irregular Bones

Front 9

Type of bone that is named for its elongated shape of the bone and not the actual length?
Example: phalanges, femur

Back 9

Long Bones
makes up most of the arms and legs

Front 10

Type of bone that is cuved shaped?
Example: Tarsals, Carpal

Back 10

Short Bones

Front 11

The long narrow shaft of the long bone is called?

Back 11

Diaphysis (di-AF-ih-sis)

Front 12

This part of the long bone contains bone marrow?

Back 12

Medullary Cavity

Front 13

The irregular end of the long bone that is farther away from the axial portion of the skeleton?

Back 13

Distal Epiphysis
(eh-PIF-ih-siis)

Front 14

The irregular end of the long bone that is closer to the axial portion of the skeleton?

Back 14

Proximal Epiphysis
(eh-PIF-ih-siis)

Front 15

The center of the diaphysis or long narrow shaft is?

Back 15

Medullary cavity

Front 16

Are considred organs with their own system of blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves?

Back 16

Bones

Front 17

Bone tissue is known as?

Back 17

Osseus Tissue

Front 18

Type of Osseus tissue that is hard and dense?

Back 18

Compact Bone

Front 19

Type of Osseus tissue that makes up the main shaft of the long bone and outer layer of other bones?

Back 19

Compact Bone

Front 20

The cells in this type of bone are located in rings on bone tissue?

Back 20

Compact Bone

Front 21

The canal in the compact bone containing the nerves and blood vessels>

Back 21

Haversian Canal

Front 22

The bone cells live in the spaces between the rings called?

Back 22

Lacunae

Front 23

Each ring like unit or haversian canal and Lacunae make up the?

Back 23

Haversian system

Front 24

The haversian system is also known as?

Back 24

Osteon

Front 25

Forms channels accross the bone from one side of the shaft to the other are canals which house blood vessels & nerves?

Back 25

Perforating or Volkmann Canals

Front 26

Type of bone tissue that is made of meshwork of small, bony plates filled with red marrow?

Back 26

Spongy or Cancellous Bone

Front 27

Type of bone tissue that has more spaces?

Back 27

Spongy or Cancellous Bone

Front 28

Type of bone tissue that is found on the epiphysis of the long bones and at the center of other bones?

Back 28

Cancellous Bone (Spongy)

Front 29

Type of marrow that is found in the central cavities of long bones?

Back 29

Yellow Marrow

Front 30

Type of marrow that is found at the ends of longs bone and the center of other bones?

Back 30

Red Marrow

Front 31

Type of marrow that maufactures red blood cells (RBC)?

Back 31

Red Marrow

Front 32

Type of marrow that is composed mainly of fat?

Back 32

Yellow Marrow

Front 33

Bones are covered on the outside by a membrane called?

Back 33

Periosteum

Front 34

True/False
The joint region is covered by periosteum?

Back 34

False

Front 35

The inner layer of the periosteum contain what type of cells?

Back 35

Osteoblasts
bone building cells

Front 36

Type of bone cell that is essential for bone formation during growth and to repair injuries?

Back 36

Osteoblasts

Front 37

Plays an important role in nourishing the bone tissue?

Back 37

Blood and lymph vessels found in the periosteum

Front 38

A thin membrane that lines the marrow cavity of the bone?

Back 38

Endosteum

Front 39

During early development, the embyonic skeleton is composed mostly of?

Back 39

Cartilage

Front 40

The conversion of cartilage to bone and begins during the second and third months of embryonic life known as?

Back 40

Ossification

Front 41

During the ossification process, these type of bone cells become more active?

Back 41

Osteoblasts

Front 42

The material located between bone cells?

Back 42

Matrix

Front 43

A fibrous protein that gives strength and resilience to tissue?

Back 43

Collagen

Front 44

With the help from enzymes, calcium compounds are deposited in the matrix by this type of bone cell?

Back 44

Osteoblasts

Front 45

Maufactures the matrix and collagen?

Back 45

Osteoblasts

Front 46

Once ossification (hardening of the bone) has occured, the osteoblasts are known as?

Back 46

Osetocytes

Front 47

Are mature bone cells?

Back 47

Osteocytes
bone maintaining cells

Front 48

Cells that do not perfom new bone tissue, but maintain the current bone?

Back 48

Osteocytes

Front 49

Later in life to repair or remodel bone, Osteoblasts develop from stem cells in the_________and________?

Back 49

Peri and Endo Osteums

Front 50

Develops from a white blood cell or monocyte, regulated by hormones and vitamin D?

Back 50

Osteoclasts

Front 51

Large multi-nucleated cells are responsible for resorption?

Back 51

Osteoclasts

Front 52

The break down of bone tissue is necessary for remodeling and repair of bone during growth and after injuries, called?

Back 52

Resorption

Front 53

This vitamin promotes the absorption of calcium from the intestines?

Back 53

Vitamin D

Front 54

Type of hormone from the thyroid gland that promotes the uptake of calcium in bone tissue?

Back 54

Calcitonin hormone

Front 55

The hormone released from the parathyroid glands that cause bone resorption and release calcium into the blood?

Back 55

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Front 56

In this type of bone transformation from cartilage to bone begins in the center of the shaft during fetal development?

Back 56

Long bone

Front 57

At birth, secondary bone forming centers develop across the ends of the bone, what are they?

Back 57

Epiphyseal Plates

Front 58

As bone grows in length the shaft is remodeled to grow?

Back 58

Wider

Front 59

In children bones are more pliable because?

Back 59

The ossification process has not completed

Front 60

In the elderly the bones are more fragile because?

Back 60

The process that renews bone slows

Front 61

Raised areas, depressions, holes, that serve as joints, muscle attach, and passages?

Back 61

Bone markings

Front 62

Projections include?

Back 62

Head, Process, Condyle, Crest, and Spine

Front 63

These bone projections are rounded, knoblike end separated from the rest of the bone by slender region, the neck?

Back 63

Head
Example: Femur and its epiphysis

Front 64

A large projection of a bone, such as the upper part of the ulna that forms the elbow?

Back 64

Process
Example: Xyphoid process

Front 65

A rounded projection usually the above projection is labeled epicondyle?

Back 65

Condyle

Front 66

A distinct border or ridge, often rough, such as over the top of the illeum (hip bone)?

Back 66

Crest

Front 67

A sharp projection from the surface of a bone such as the spine of teh scapula (shoulder blade)?

Back 67

Spine
Also, vertebrae

Front 68

A hole that allows a vessel or nerve to pass through or between bones?

Back 68

Foramen or Foramina (p)

Front 69

An airspace found in some skull bones?

Back 69

Sinus
(sphenoid sinus)

Front 70

A depression on a bone surface?

Back 70

Fossa or fossae (p)
(infra and supra spinous fossa)

Front 71

A short channel or passageway such as the channel in the temporal bone of the skull that leads to the ear?

Back 71

Meatus

Front 72

This group of bones consists of 80 bones and includes the bony framework of the head and trunk?

Back 72

Axial Skeleton

Front 73

This group of bones consists of 126 bones and forms the framework for the extremties and for the shoulder, hips, and pelvis?

Back 73

Appendicular Skeleton

Front 74

Type of technique that allows healthcare providers to visualize hidden structures without cutting into patients?

Back 74

Landmarking
(CPR Xphoid process reference)

Front 75

Chamber enclosing brain, houses ears and forms part of the eye socket, has 8 bones?

Back 75

Cranium (8)

Front 76

Forms the face and chambers for sensory organs, has 14 bones?

Back 76

Facial portion (14)

Front 77

U-shaped bone under lower jaw; used for muscle attachments (1)?

Back 77

Hyoid (1)

Front 78

Transmits sound waves in inner ear, (3) bones?

Back 78

Ossicles (3)

Front 79

Encloses the spinal cord (26) bones?

Back 79

Vertebral Column (26)

Front 80

Anterior bone of the thorax?

Back 80

Sternum

Front 81

Encloses the organs of the thorax (12 pair ribs?

Back 81

Thorax

Front 82

Anterior, between sternum and scapula?

Back 82

Clavicle

Front 83

Posterior, anchors muscles that move arm?

Back 83

Scapula

Front 84

Proximal Arm Bone?

Back 84

Humerus

Front 85

Medial bone of arm?

Back 85

Ulna
(Anatomical position inside)

Front 86

Lateral bone of the forearm?

Back 86

Radius
(anatomical position)

Front 87

Wrist bones (8)?

Back 87

Carpals (8)

Front 88

Bones of palm (5)?

Back 88

Metacarpals (5)

Front 89

Bones in the fingers (14)?

Back 89

Phaoanges (14)

Front 90

Join sacrum & coccyx of vertebral column to form bony pelvis (2)?

Back 90

Os Coxae (2) (Pelvis)

Front 91

Thigh bone; largest long bone in the body?

Back 91

Femur

Front 92

Kneecap?

Back 92

Patella

Front 93

Medial bone of the leg?

Back 93

Tibia (Larger bone)

Front 94

Lateral bone of the leg?

Back 94

Fibula (smaller bone)

Front 95

Ankle bones (7)?

Back 95

Tarsal bones (7)

Front 96

Bones of instep/ soles of feet(5)?

Back 96

Metatarsals (5)

Front 97

Bones of toes (14)?

Back 97

Phalanges (14)

Front 98

Divided into the cranium and the facial portion?

Back 98

Skull

Front 99

Rounded chamber that encloses the brain and is composed of (8) distinct cranial bones?

Back 99

Cranium

Front 100

Type of cranial bone that forms the forehead, anterior of the skull roof and the roof of the eye orbit?

Back 100

Frontal Bones

Front 101

Lateral bone of the forearm?

Back 101

Radius
(anatomical position)

Front 102

Wrist bones (8)?

Back 102

Carpals (8)

Front 103

Bones of palm (5)?

Back 103

Metacarpals (5)

Front 104

Bones in the fingers (14)?

Back 104

Phaoanges (14)

Front 105

Join sacrum & coccyx of vertebral column to form bony pelvis (2)?

Back 105

Os Coxae (2) (Pelvis)

Front 106

Thigh bone; largest long bone in the body?

Back 106

Femur

Front 107

Kneecap?

Back 107

Patella

Front 108

Medial bone of the leg?

Back 108

Tibia (Larger bone)

Front 109

Lateral bone of the leg?

Back 109

Fibula (smaller bone)

Front 110

Ankle bones (7)?

Back 110

Tarsal bones (7)

Front 111

Bones of instep/ soles of feet(5)?

Back 111

Metatarsals (5)

Front 112

Bones of toes (14)?

Back 112

Phalanges (14)

Front 113

Divided into the cranium and the facial portion?

Back 113

Skull

Front 114

Rounded chamber that encloses the brain and is composed of (8) distinct cranial bones?

Back 114

Cranium

Front 115

Type of cranial bone that forms the forehead, anterior of the skull roof and the roof of the eye orbit?

Back 115

Frontal Bones

Front 116

Facial bone, the only movable bone in the skull?

Back 116

Mandible

Front 117

Breastbone, with the ribs protects the heart and lungs?

Back 117

Sternum

Front 118

Collarbone, Joins the sternum & clavicle to support the shoulder?

Back 118

Clavicle

Front 119

Shoulder Blade, attaches the muscles that move the arm?

Back 119

Scapula

Front 120

8 short cube shaped bones of teh wrist - arranged in 2 rows of 4 each?

Back 120

Carpals

Front 121

The 14 finger and toes?

Back 121

Phalanges

Front 122

Lateral lower leg bone, not weight bearing?

Back 122

Fibula (smaller one)

Front 123

Medial lower leg bone (on the big toe side), weight bearing?

Back 123

Tibia (bigger one)

Front 124

Ankle, foot bones 7 in each foot?

Back 124

Tarsals

Front 125

5 bones that form the framework of the instep of the foot?

Back 125

Metatarsals

Front 126

Facial bone - near inside corner of eye?

Back 126

Lacrimal

Front 127

Projection of the temporal bone behind the external part of the ear?

Back 127

Mastoid process

Front 128

Joins the frontal bone w/ the parietal bones of the skull?

Back 128

coronal suture

Front 129

Joins the parietal bones with the occipital bone?

Back 129

Lambdoidal suture

Front 130

Forms the forehead & the roof of the eye socket?

Back 130

Frontal

Front 131

Forms most of the top and side walls of the cranium?

Back 131

Parietal bones

Front 132

The prominence of the cheeks?

Back 132

Zygomatic process

Front 133

Upper jaw bones - fused?

Back 133

Maxilla

Front 134

Lower jaw bone

Back 134

Mandible

Front 135

Form the bridge of the nose?

Back 135

Nasal

Front 136

Shaped like a blade of a plow, forms lower part of the nasal septum?

Back 136

Vomer

Front 137

Form the back part of the hard palate?

Back 137

Palatine bones

Front 138

Extend horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavities?

Back 138

2 inferior nasal conchae

Front 139

The paired superior and middle conchae are part of what facial bone?

Back 139

Ethmoid

Front 140

Projects dorsally from the bony arch that encircles the spinal cord?

Back 140

Spinous process

Front 141

Projecting laterally on each side and are attachments for muscles?

Back 141

Transverse process

Front 142

Located in the neck, labeled C1-C7?

Back 142

Cervicle Vertebrea

Front 143

The first cervicle vertebra or C1, supports the head when skull rocks (nodding)?

Back 143

Atlas

Front 144

The second cervicle vertebra or C2, serves as a pivot when head is turned side to side?

Back 144

Axis

Front 145

The upright toothlike part in the Axis is known as?

Back 145

Dens (pivot point)

Front 146

12 in number T1-T12, are located in the chest, ribs extend, has longer spinous process that points downward?

Back 146

Thoracic vertebrae

Front 147

5 are located in the small of the back L1-L5, Larger & heavier to support more weight, all processes are shorter and thicker?

Back 147

Lumbar vertebrae

Front 148

5 seperate bones in the child, but fuse together to form a single bone as an adult?

Back 148

Sacral vertebrea (child) or Sacrum (adult)

Front 149

When viewed from the side the vertebral column can be seen to have this number of curves?

Back 149

4, corresponding with the sections of vertebrae

Front 150

T-shaped portion of the sternum, superior to the sternum body, joins laterally on the right/left with clavicle?

Back 150

Manubrium

Front 151

The point of the manubrium where the clavicle joins is called?

Back 151

clavicle notch

Front 152

Long and bladelike, joins along each side with the ribs 2 thru 7?

Back 152

Sternum body

Front 153

Where the manubrium joins the body of the sternum, slight elevation is called?

Back 153

Sternal angle

Front 154

First 7 pairs of ribs attached directly to the sternum by costal cartilage?

Back 154

True Ribs

Front 155

5 pairs of ribs, 8 9 10 attach to the cartilage of the rib above?

Back 155

False Ribs

Front 156

11, 12 ribs have no anterior attachement at all and are known as?

Back 156

Floating ribs

Front 157

yes/no
Floating ribs are false ribs?

Back 157

Yes

Front 158

The space between the ribs is called?

Back 158

intercostal spaces

Front 159

This division of the appendicular skeleton consists of the shoulder, arm (BTWN the shoulder & elbow), forearm, wrist, hand, fingers?

Back 159

Upper Appendicular skeletal

Front 160

This division of the append skeleton consists of hip, thigh, leg, ankle, foot, and toes?

Back 160

Lower Appendicular Skeletal

Front 161

Joins the sternum anteriorly and the scapula laterally and helps to support the shoulder?

Back 161

Clavicle

Front 162

This part of the scapula is the posterior raised edge that can be felt behind the shoulder in the upper portion of the back?

Back 162

Scapula Spine

Front 163

Muscles that move the arm attachment to fossae (depressions)?

Back 163

supraspinous fossa (superior to the scapular spine)
and infraspinous fossa (inferior to the spine)

Front 164

The process that joins the clavicle, felt as the highest point in the shoulder?

Back 164

Acromion

Front 165

Forms a ball and socket joint with the arm bone (humerous?

Back 165

Glenoid Cavity

Front 166

Medial to the glenoid cavity is the________where muscles attach?

Back 166

Caracoid process

Front 167

The proximal bone in the arm?

Back 167

Humerus