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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Bone Classification: Long Bones

- Longer than they are wide


- Femur (thigh bone)
- Humerus

- Longer than they are wide




- Femur (thigh bone)


- Humerus

Bone Classification: Short Bones

- Cube shaped


- Wrist bones
- Ankle bones

- Cube shaped




- Wrist bones


- Ankle bones

Bone Classification: Sesamoid Bones

- Shaped like a sesame seed. 
- Type of short bone with a tendon


- Patella (kneecap)

- Shaped like a sesame seed.


- Type of short bone with a tendon




- Patella (kneecap)

Bone Classification: Flat Bones

- Thin, flattened, curved


- Skull bones
- Sternum

- Thin, flattened, curved




- Skull bones


- Sternum

Bone Classification: Irregular Bones

- Irregular shapes that do not fit into the other categories


- Vertebrae
- Some skull bones
- Hip bones

- Irregular shapes that do not fit into the other categories




- Vertebrae


- Some skull bones


- Hip bones

Hematopoiesis

- Blood cell formation 
- Takes place in the red marrow of bones

- Blood cell formation


- Takes place in the red marrow of bones

Bone Cells: Osteoblasts

- Immature bone cells that may develop into osteocytes
- Responsible for the production of new bone 
- Produce the matrix of bone

- Immature bone cells that may develop into osteocytes


- Responsible for the production of new bone


- Produce the matrix of bone

Bone Cells: Osteocytes

- Mature bone cells
- Embedded in the matrix
- Help repair damaged bone
- Most numerous of the three types in an adult

- Mature bone cells


- Embedded in the matrix


- Help repair damaged bone


- Most numerous of the three types in an adult

Bone Cells: Osteoclasts

- Referred to as the "demolition" cells of bone tissue--maintain the density and composition of bone by removing the calcium salts in the surrounding matrix
- Release stored minerals in the bone tissue into body fluids

- Referred to as the "demolition" cells of bone tissue--maintain the density and composition of bone by removing the calcium salts in the surrounding matrix


- Release stored minerals in the bone tissue into body fluids

Compact Bone

- Dense, hard tissue that is replaced approximately every 10 years
- Found in the shafts of long bones and outer surfaces of other bones
- The microscopic unit of compact bone is the osteon (Haversian system)

- Dense, hard tissue that is replaced approximately every 10 years


- Found in the shafts of long bones and outer surfaces of other bones


- The microscopic unit of compact bone is the osteon (Haversian system)

Compact Bone: Central Canal

- Haversian canal 
- Contains blood vessels and nerve cells

- Haversian canal


- Contains blood vessels and nerve cells

Compact Bone: Lamellae

- Form circular rings of matrix; osteocytes are located between these circular rings

- Form circular rings of matrix; osteocytes are located between these circular rings

Compact Bone: Lacunae

- Osteocytes "sit" in pockets called lacunae ("little lakes")
- Lacunae are found between thin sheets of calcified matrix

- Osteocytes "sit" in pockets called lacunae ("little lakes")


- Lacunae are found between thin sheets of calcified matrix

Compact Bone: Canaliculi

- Interconnecting channels called canaliculi are responsible for the joining of lacunae with each other
- Canaliculi also link the lacunae to nearby blood vessels

- Interconnecting channels called canaliculi are responsible for the joining of lacunae with each other


- Canaliculi also link the lacunae to nearby blood vessels

Compact Bone: Volkmann's Canals

- Perforating Canals
- Connect the blood and nerve supply to the periosteum to those in the central canals and medullary cavity

- Perforating Canals


- Connect the blood and nerve supply to the periosteum to those in the central canals and medullary cavity

Spongy (Cancellous) Bone

- Less dense--replaced every three to four years
- Located at the ends of long bones/the centre of other bones
- Does not contain osteons
- Spaces formed by the trabeculae decrease the weight of the bone/provide the spaces where red bone marrow i...

- Less dense--replaced every three to four years


- Located at the ends of long bones/the centre of other bones


- Does not contain osteons


- Spaces formed by the trabeculae decrease the weight of the bone/provide the spaces where red bone marrow is found

Part of the Long Bone: Diaphysis

- Long shaft of a bone
- Composed mostly of compact bone

- Long shaft of a bone


- Composed mostly of compact bone

Part of the Long Bone: Epiphyses

- Enlarged ends of a long bone (singular: epiphysis)
- Covered by articular (hyaline) cartilage

- Enlarged ends of a long bone (singular: epiphysis)


- Covered by articular (hyaline) cartilage

Part of the Long Bone: Epiphyseal Plate (Disk)

- Band of hyaline cartilage between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

- Band of hyaline cartilage between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

Part of the Long Bone: Medullary Cavity

- Hollow centre of the diaphysis
- Filled with red bone marrow in infancy (for protection of blood cells); filled with yellow bone marrow in adulthood (for fat storage) 

- Hollow centre of the diaphysis


- Filled with red bone marrow in infancy (for protection of blood cells); filled with yellow bone marrow in adulthood (for fat storage)

Part of the Long Bone: Endosteum

- Connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity

- Connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity

Part of the Long Bone: Periosteum

- Tough membrane that is made of fibrous connective tissue
- Covers the outside of the bone (except at joint surfaces)
- Protects the bone, serves as a point of attachment for muscles, and contains the blood vessels that nourish the underlying t...

- Tough membrane that is made of fibrous connective tissue


- Covers the outside of the bone (except at joint surfaces)


- Protects the bone, serves as a point of attachment for muscles, and contains the blood vessels that nourish the underlying tissue

Part of the Long Bone: Articular Cartilage

- "Joint cartilage" that is found on the outer surface of an epiphysis- Smooth, shiny surface provides movement in the joints by helping to decrease friction

- "Joint cartilage" that is found on the outer surface of an epiphysis- Smooth, shiny surface provides movement in the joints by helping to decrease friction

Comminuted Fracture

Bone is crushed into small pieces

Bone is crushed into small pieces