Ap Human Geography: Development- Unit Vocabulary

Front 1

Commodity Chain

Back 1

Series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market

Front 2

Core-periphery model

Back 2

A model seeking to explain a spatial pattern of economic growth in which one centre or region in a country develops an economic advantage over the rest of the country

Front 3

Deglomeration

Back 3

Process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances and/or increasing costs due to congestion and competition

Front 4

Development

Back 4

Progress in technology, production, and socioeconomic welfare in a country

Front 5

Dollarization

Back 5

When a poorer country ties the value of its currency to that of a wealthier country, or when it abandons its currency and adopts the wealthier country's currency as its own

Front 6

Export processing zones

Back 6

(EPZs)- Zones established by many countries in the periphery and semi-periphery where they offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade and investment

Front 7

Formal Economy

Back 7

The legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government's GNP; opposite of an informal economy

Front 8

Globalization

Back 8

The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact. Te processes of globalization transcend state boundaries and have outcomes that vary across places and scales.

Front 9

GDP

Back 9

Gross domestic product- The total value of all good and services produced within a country during a given year

Front 10

GNP

Back 10

Gross national product- the total value of all good and services produced by a country's economy in a given year. It includes all good and services produced by corporations and individuals of a country, whether of not they are located within the country.

Front 11

High-technology corridors

Back 11

Area along or near major transportation arteries that are devoted to the research, development, and sale of high-tech products. These areas develop because of the networking and synergistic advantages of concentrating high-tech enterprises in close proximity to one another. "Silicon Valley" is a prime example of high-tech corridor in the US.

Front 12

HDI

Back 12

Human development index- A composite statistic used to rank countries by level of "human development" and distinguish "very high human development", "high human development", "medium human development", and "low human development" countries

Front 13

Informal economy

Back 13

Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in the government's GNP; opposite of formal economy

Front 14

Island of Development

Back 14

Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure

Front 15

Microcredit program

Back 15

Program that provides small loans to poor people, especially women, to encourage development of small businesses

Front 16

Modernization model

Back 16

(Rostow's model) A model of economic development most closely associated with eh world of economist Walter Rostow. The modernization model (or modernization theory) maintains that all countries go through five interrelated stages of development, which culminate in an economic state of self-sustained economic growth and high level so mass consumption

Front 17

Neo-colonialism

Back 17

The practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural forces to control a country (usually former European colonies in Africa or Asia) in lieu of direct military or political control.

Front 18

Nongovernmental organizations

Back 18

(NGOs)- International organizations that operate outside of the formal political arena but that are nevertheless influential in spearheading international initiatives on social, economic, and environmental issues

Front 19

Technopole

Back 19

Center or nodes of high-technology research and activity around which a high-technology corridor is sometimes established

Front 20

Trafficking

Back 20

When a family sends a child or an adult to a labor recruiter in hopes that the labor recruiter will send money, and the family member will earn money to send home

Front 21

Vectored diseases

Back 21

A disease carried from one host to another by an intermediate host