Anthro Test 1 ( Chapter 1, 2, And 3)

Front 1

Cultural Anthropology

Back 1

Used to look beyond the world of everyday, and discover experiences, patterns, and meanings that lie within the world.

Front 2

Political Anatomy

Back 2

A way that people's bodies are controlled by others to operate with the necessary speed and efficacy.

Front 3

Culture

Back 3

The complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
*MOST CULTURE IS LEARNED

Front 4

Indigenous

Back 4

Native people.

Front 5

Kinds of Anthropology

Back 5

1-Archeology
2-Physical Anthropology
3-Linguistics
4-Cultural Anthropology

Front 6

Archaeologists study

Back 6

-past life behavior
- relationships between humans and animals

Front 7

Physical Anthologists study

Back 7

-the evolution of human beings
-97% of human DNA matches primates

Front 8

Descriptive Linguistics

Back 8

The study of languages meanings and sound.
ex: Chinese languages use tonal language techniques.

Front 9

Non literate Language

Back 9

When there is no written form of a language.

Front 10

Ethnocentrism

Back 10

When you judge others based on your own standards.
ex: missionaries

Front 11

Art in anthropology

Back 11

is what is considered pretty and attractive.

Front 12

Law in anthropology

Back 12

-what is punishable or not in decided by the culture
-does not have to be written down
-just needs to be followed

Front 13

Culture Traits

Back 13

Are things found in each culture not matter what. There are over a 150 items that fit this criteria.
ex: sports, food taboos, courtship, weaning, and funerals

Front 14

Relativistic Fallacy

Back 14

The idea that it is impossible to make moral judgments about the beliefs and behaviors of others.

Front 15

Culture Relativism

Back 15

Culture is relative and none are better than another.

Front 16

Egalitarian

Back 16

All are equal.

Front 17

The 5 methods of adaption

Back 17

1-Hunting and Gathering, 2-Pasturalization, 3- Horticulture, 4- Intensive Agriculture, 5 Industrial.

Front 18

Hunting and Gathering

Back 18

-Men are the hunters and woman gather.
-Sexual division of labor

Front 19

Pastualization

Back 19

-Also known as being nomadic
-Bring a flock of animals with them when moving
ex: sheep will eat all the grass in one area so they need to another

Front 20

Horticultural/Rainfall

Back 20

-Common in tropical regions
-Growing plants for warmth and water
-Slash and burn the forest. (Swidden)

Front 21

Intensive Agriculture

Back 21

-Need to bring water to the fields
-Cannot rely on nature alone
-Permanent plot lands
-Animal maneuver
-Plows moved horses and ox
-Extra amount of food

-Development of social class

Front 22

Civilization

Back 22

City

Front 23

Industrial Agriculture

Back 23

-based off of intensive agriculture
-use machines

Front 24

Ethnographic Method

Back 24

the immersion of investigators in the lives of the people they are trying to understand and through that experience they attain some level of understanding.

Front 25

Participant Observation

Back 25

The active participation of observers of the lives of their subjects

Front 26

The Hadza

Back 26

-Small group of nomadic hunters and gathers in Tanzania (Eastern Africa)
-Their land was rich in resources (animals and plants)
-Woman were responsible to plant food gathered and males hunted.

Front 27

The Ju/ Wasi

Back 27

-People of the Kalahari Desert in Namibia (Southwest Africa)
-Hunting and gathering
-lived near waterholes and had to go 6 miles for food

Front 28

Virginity Testing

Back 28

In Turkey it is normal for young woman to be tested to see if they are a virgin. This is done on the Wedding night with a sheet on the bed to see a blood.

Front 29

Cannibalism

Back 29

The Wari practice eating and roasting the dead. It was believed that eating the dead can be used for medical benefits. Wari believed that eating the dead was a compassionate thing to do. By eating the dead the Wari are trying to get rid of the painful memories.

Front 30

Anthropological Fieldwork

Back 30

Firsthand or direct immerison and observation of the people or culture a researcher is trying to understand.

Front 31

Participant Observation

Back 31

The active participation of a researcher or observer in the lives of those being studied

Front 32

Cultural Text

Back 32

A way of thinking about culture as a text of significant symbols, words, gestures, drawings, natural objects that carries meaning.

Front 33

Sedentary

Back 33

A style of living characterized by permanent or semipermanent settlements.

Front 34

Progress

Back 34

The idea that human history is the story of a steady advance from a life that depends on the whims of nature to a life of control and domination over natural forces.

Front 35

Culture Change

Back 35

The change in meanings that a people ascribe to experience and changes in their way of life.

Front 36

Irrigation Agriculture

Back 36

A form of cultivation in which water is used to deliver nutrients to growing plants.

Front 37

Population Density

Back 37

The number of people in a given geographic area.

Front 38

Industrial Revolution

Back 38

A period of European history generally identified as occuring in the late 18th century, marked by a shift in production from agriculture to industrial goods, urbanization and the factory system.

Front 39

"Putting Out" System

Back 39

A meanns of production, common in the 16th and 17th centuries and surviving today, in which a manufacturer or mechant supplies the materials and sometimes the tools to workers who produce the goods in their own homes.

Front 40

Factory System

Back 40

A system of production characterized by the concentration of labor and machines in specific places. It is associated with the industrial revolution.

Front 41

Economic Development

Back 41

The term used to identify and increase in the level of technology and the standard of living of a population. Others view it as an ideology based on 3 assumptions. 1-Economic groweth is the solution to global problems. 2-That global economic integration will contribute to solving ecological and social problems. 3-THat foriegn assistance to undeveloped countries will make things better.

Front 42

World Bank

Back 42

One of the institutions created at the Bretton Woods, New Hampsire, meeting in 1944 of Allied nations. The World Bank functions as a leading institution to nations largely for projects related to economic development.

Front 43

International Monetary Fund

Back 43

Formed in 1944 at the Bretton Woods COn

Front 44

SAPS

Back 44

Agreements that are between the International Monetary Fund and indebted countries. This exchange includes a new repayment schedule to reduce their government worforce, lower remaining utility companies, railroads, health facilieis and end government subsidies, reduce taxes on foriegn investors, weaken state environmental and labor regulations.

Front 45

Pathogen

Back 45

An infectious agent such as bacterium or a virus that can cause disease.

Front 46

Interpersonal Theory of Disease

Back 46

A view of disease in which it is assumed that illness is caused by tensions or conflicts in social relations.

Front 47

Indigenous Knowledge

Front 48

Factory Model

Back 48

An energy intensive, ecologically damaging form of agriculture intended to grow or raise as many crops or livestock as possible in the shortest period of time.

Front 49

Agroecological Approach

Back 49

Agricultural methods that incorporate indigenous practices of food profuction that preserve the environment along with contemporary agricultural research.

Front 50

Commodity Money

Back 50

Money that is backed by something of worth such as gold or silver.

Front 51

Fiat Money

Back 51

Money that is backed by nothing other than the govement decree that it be accepted for the sale of goods or services or the settlement of debt.

Front 52

Gross Domestic Product

Back 52

The total of all goods and services bought and sold in a given year.

Front 53

Capital Conversion

Back 53

The transformation of something that has no monetary value into something that can be bought and sold in the market.

Front 54

Water %

Back 54

Globally only 10 % of water goes toward households. The other 90 % goes toward industy and agriculture.

Front 55

Political Capital

Back 55

The freedom we have to regulate our own lives and the access we have to societal leaders and decision makers.

Front 56

Social Capital

Back 56

Relations of reciprocity and trust that enable people collectively to solve their problems.

Front 57

Neoliberalism

Back 57

A belief that argues for minimal government involvement in the economy and greatly accelerated economic growth. They argue for free trade, strong property rights and free markets.

Front 58

Market Externalization

Back 58

Costs or benefits of economic transactions that are not included in prices. These may include the environmental, social, or political consequences of market transaction.

Front 59

Free Trade

Back 59

The removal of barriers to the free flow of goods and capital between nations by eliminating import or export taxes and subsides paid to farmers and businessmen. It may also mean reducing environmental or social laws when they restrict the flow of goods and capital.

Front 60

Ethnographic Method

Back 60

The immersion of investigators in the lives of the people they are trying to understand and through the experience, the attainment of some level of immersion process utilizes the techniques of Anthropolgical Fieldwork.

Front 61

Market Externalities

Back 61

Costs or benefits of economic transactions that are not included in prices. These may include the environmental, social, or political consequences of market transactions.