Adolescent Psychology Chapter 2

Front 1

Why is puberty a biological Revolution

Back 1

It is a biological Revolution because adolescentsanatomy, physiology, and physical appearance undergo rapid and significant change in comparison to the rest of their life growth to date

Front 2

Explain the biology behind puberty

Back 2

The endocrine system consists of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream.change begins with the hypothalamus which regulates our base animalistic survival needs and regulates hormone production. GnRH hormone levels increase when the body reaches a fat threshold because the fat produces leptin as a signal. The pituitary gland stimulates gonadotropins which caused egg and sperm to develop. The gonads increase production of sex hormones, which includes estrogen (estradiol) and androgens(testosterone).

Front 3

Difference in physical changes in boys versus girls during puberty.

Back 3

Girls height growth spurt from 11 to 13, and boys from 15 to 17, with boys being taller in the end. Testosterone causes boys to have more muscle development.hips and shoulders wide in for both, hips more for girls and shoulders more for boys.

Front 4

What are primary sex characteristics

Back 4

Production of egg, sperm, and of the sex organs

Front 5

What are secondary sex characteristics

Back 5

All other bodily changes not related to direct reproduction

Front 6

Generally speaking, what are the differences in secondary sex characteristic changes in boys versus girls

Back 6

They have similar changes in skin oil, sweat, underarm hair etc but girls typically start puberty changes earlier than boys. On average girls start between nine and sixteen and boys start between 12 + 17

Front 7

What are some changes in biological body functions between girls and boys

Back 7

Boys hearts grow bigger and heart rate drops lower than girls.lung development is similar, before puberty strength and athletic ability are even, after and during puberty boys overtake girls

Front 8

Theories as to why the majority culture that leads to greater divide between parents and children at puberty

Back 8

Three theories exist.incest taboo says that children reach sexual maturity and require physical distance from parents to establish sexual distance. This theory has not been found to be common in all cultures, traditional cultures find adolescents are closer with parents during puberty than non traditional cultures. exposure to unrelated males cause biological puberty earlier and girls.

Front 9

age graded schooling influence on puberty

Back 9

12-13 years old sees lots of variability between early and late maturing boys and girls which has many negative effects

Front 10

Effects of early maturing on girls

Back 10

Physical appearance becomes more women like, and can cause body image and eating disorder issues. Attract attention from older boys which can introduce them to older groups that may engage in non age appropriate behaviour such as substance use, delinquency, and early sexual activity. Body issues can also cause depression.

Front 11

Effects of late maturing on girls

Back 11

Suffer teasing, body image issues, later in teens tend to have better view of their body.Have been found to have less psychological issues and social problems in their 20s

Front 12

Effects of early maturing in boys

Back 12

More favorable and can lead to popularity because of increased level of ability.Early development of facial hair, deepening of voice, and other secondary sex characteristics are viewed well. Early maturing 40 years later had more success, higher marital satisfaction than late maturing. Tend to become involved in sex, delinquency, and drug use younger

Front 13

Effects of late maturing on boys

Back 13

Lower grades, higher rates of deviance, higher rates of substance used in emerging adulthood

Front 14

Three types of geno-environment interactions

Back 14

Passive genotype-environment effects

evocative genotype-environment

effects active genotype-environment effects

Front 15

What are passive genotype-environment effects

Back 15

Parents provide both the genes and the environment. Implication is that parents values and skills are passed on genetically as well as influence the environment they provide for their child.

Hint 15

Parent is a talented artist, and art material is available.

Front 16

What is evocative genotype-environment effects

Back 16

A person's inherited characteristics evoque responses from others in their environment.

Hint 16

If a child shows an aptitude for a skill such as throwing a ball, a parent may be more likely to put them in sport activities

Front 17

What are active genotype-environment

Back 17

People seek out the environments that correspond with their genotype characteristics

Hint 17

A person who is independent and active May seek a different activity then someone who is sociable and inactive