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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two parts of the cranium?
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Viscerocranium, neurocranium
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What is the inca bone?
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Os incae/os interparietale
- described for the first time in 1851 on an inca skull - found in 3-36% of skulls, according to population |
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How does the os occipitale develop?
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Out of 5-6 ossification centers.
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cranial fossae
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cranial fossae
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Palatum durum
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Palatum durum
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Vomer
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Mandibula
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Mandibula
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Mandibula of an old person. Loss of teeth leads to atrophy of the pars alveolaris (Foramen mentale can end up exposed on the top ridge).
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Mandibula of a newborn.
Connected by the Symphysis mandibulae. Corpus-Ramus angle still very large. |
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Jaw joint (temporomandibular joint)
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The jaw joint is separated into two chambers by the Discus articularis (bottom chamber allows opening and closing movements, top chamber back and forth).
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Movements of the temporomandibular joint
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Luxation of the temporomandibular joint
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Child with scapocephaly: premature closure of the sagittal suture => scullcap is abnormally long
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Muscles of mastication
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Muscles of mastication
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Muscles of mastication
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Schädelgruben
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= cranial fossae
Fossa cranii anterior Fossa cranii media Fossa cranii posterior |
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What passes through the canalis opticus?
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N. opticus
A. ophtalmica (branches off A. carotis interna) |
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Which openings are found in the Os sphenoidale?
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- Canalis opticus
- Fissura orbitalis superior (connects orbita to the fossa cranii media) - Foramen rotundum - Foramen ovale - Foramen spinosum |
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Which bones make up the hard palate?
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Maxilla + Os palatinum + Os sphenoidale (at the very back)
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Which bones make up the orbita?
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7 bones:
Maxilla Os frontale Os ethmoidale Os lacrimale Os palatinum Os sphenoidale Os zygomaticum MAX FELPSZ |
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Corpus-Ramus angle
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Angle between the Corpus mandibulae and the Ramus mandibulae.
Newborns: ~140* Dentition: decreases to ~120* Old age: increases due to loss of teeth |
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Temporomandibular joint: structure and movements
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STRUCTURE:
- A disk (Discus articularis) separates the mandibular condyle from the articular surface of the temporal bone, creating two chambers. |
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How many facial muscles are there?
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26
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What kinds of skull fractures are there?
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- Linear fracture: clear fracture line
- Comminuted fracture: multiple fragments (depressed fracture when broken bones displaced inward => damage to meninges & brain tissue) - Diastatic fracture: widening of sutures - Basilar fracture: fracture in base of skull (+ facial fractures) |
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What kind of facial fractures are there, and what usually causes them?
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LE FORT I: isolated dissociation of the alveolar process
LE FORT II: dissociation of the maxilla, possibly also ethmoid and nasal bone LE FORT III: dissociation of entire viscerocranium from neurocranium Cause: traffic accidents |
