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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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FERMENTATION
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the process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is changed into alcohol and carbon dioxide. In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is changed into lactic acid |
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How do organisms generate energy when oxygen is not available?
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In the absence of oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by making ATP.
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how does the body produce ATP during different stages of exercise?
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For quick bursts of energy, the body uses ATP already in muscles and ATP from lactic acid fermentation. For exercise longer thatn 90 seconds, the body uses cellular respiration.
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When there is no oxygen present, the cell uses ? to make ATP
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fermentation
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What reactants and products do the two types of fermentation have in common?
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The reactants for both are Pyruvic acid and NADH and they both produce NAD+:
a. alcoholic fermentation after glycolysis is: i. Pyruvic acid + NADH → Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ b. Lactic acid fermentation after glycolysis can be written as: i. Pyruvic acid + NADH →Lactic acid + NAD+ |
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Why do runners breathe heavily after a sprint race
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Lactic acid builds up in muscles after a burst of activity. The only way to get rid of lactic acid is in a chemical pathway that uses extra oxygen. This is why exercise can leave you huffing and puffing.
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List the body’s sources of energy in the order in which they are used during a long distance race.
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o At each stage of the race your body used different paths to get energy.
o You have three main sources of ATP: ATP already in muscles, ATP made by lactic acid fermentation ATP made by cellular respiration. • At the beginning of a race, the body uses all three sources. • However, stored ATP and lactic acid fermentation can give energy only for a short time. o At the very beginning of a race, the muscles have only enough for a few seconds of activity. o Usually by the 5- meter mark, that store of ATP is nearly gone. o Then, the muscle cells make their ATP by lactic acid fermentation, which gives enough ATP to last about 90 seconds, or about 200-300 meters. • For exercise longer than about 90 seconds, cellular respiration is the only way to keep making ATP. o Your body stores energy in muscle in the form of the carbohydrate glycogen. o These stores are usually enough to last for 15-20 minutes of activity. After that, your body begins to break down other stored molecules, including fats, for energy. |
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Why might aerobic exercise help someone lose weight?
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a. For exercise longer than about 90 seconds, cellular respiration is the only way to keep making ATP.
i. Your body stores energy in muscle in the form of the carbohydrate glycogen. ii. These stores are usually enough to last for 15-20 minutes of activity. After that, your body begins to break down other stored molecules, including fats, for energy. |
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Whales use lactic acid fermentation to get much of their energy during a deep dive. If they can’t breathe in to get oxygen, what do they do with all of the lactic acid made by fermentation?
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The ATP energy for contraction comes from glycolysis, which forms lactic acid that accumulates in the tissues. When the whale surfaces, it quickly exhales its moist, oxygen-poor air, which condenses to form the “spout.” A large amount of carbon dioxide is blown off in the “spout,” and oxygen quickly com- bines with hemoglobin passing through the lungs.
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