[7] Human Development (11Th Ed.) By Papalia

Front 1

What is enuresis?

Back 1

Repeated urination in clothing or in bed.

Front 2

What are gross motor skills?

Back 2

Physical skills that involve the large muscles.

Front 3

What are fine motor skills?

Back 3

Physical skills that involve the small muschles and eye-hand coordination.

Front 4

What are systems of action?

Back 4

Increasingly complex combinations of skills, which permit a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment.

Front 5

What is handedness?

Back 5

Preference for using a particular hand.

Front 6

What is symbolic function?

Back 6

Piaget's term for ability to use mental representations (words, numbers, or images) to which a child has attached meaning.

Front 7

What is pretend play?

Back 7

Play involving imaginary people and situations; also called "fantasy play," "dramatic play," or "imaginative play."

Front 8

What is preoperational stage?

Back 8

In Piaget's theory, the second major stage of cognitive development, in which symbolic thought expends but children can not yet use logic.

Front 9

What is transduction?

Back 9

Piaget's term for a preoperational child's tendency to mentally link particular phenomena, whether or not there is logically a causal relationship.

Front 10

What is animism (as used in the Human Development textbook)?

Back 10

Tendency to attribute life to objects that are not alive.

Front 11

What is centration?

Back 11

In Piaget's theory, the tendency of preoperational children to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others.

Front 12

What is decenter?

Back 12

In Piaget's terminology, to think simultaneously about several aspects of a situation.

Front 13

What is egocentrism?

Back 13

Piaget's term for inability to consider another person's point of view; a characteristic of young children's thought.

Front 14

What is conservation?

Back 14

Piaget's term for awareness that two objects that are euqal according to a certain measure remain equal in the face of perceptual alteration so long as nothing has been added to or taken away from either object.

Front 15

What is irreversibility?

Back 15

Piaget's term for a preoperational child's failure to understand that an operation can go in two or more directions.

Front 16

What is theory of mind (as used in the Human Development textbook)?

Back 16

Awareness and understanding of mental processes.

Front 17

What is encoding?

Back 17

Process by which information is prepared for long-term storage and later retrieval.

Front 18

What is storage?

Back 18

Retention of information for future use.

Front 19

What is retrieval?

Back 19

Process by which information is accessed or recalled from memory storage.

Front 20

What is sensory memory?

Back 20

Intial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information.

Front 21

What is working memory?

Back 21

Short-term storage of information being actively processed.

Front 22

What is executive function?

Back 22

Conscious control of thoughts, emotions, and actions to accomplish goals or solve problems.

Front 23

What is the "central executive" element in Baddeley's model?

Back 23

The element of working memory that controls the processing of information.

Front 24

What is long-term memory?

Back 24

Storage of virtually unlimited capacity that holds information for long periods.
*Note, the idea of "virtually unlimited capacity" is challenged by some.

Front 25

What is "recognition?"

Back 25

The ability to identifya previously encountered stimulus.

Front 26

What is "recall?"

Back 26

The ability to reproduce material from memory.

Front 27

What is generic memory?

Back 27

Memory that produces scripts of familiar routines to guide behavior.

Front 28

What is script (as used in the Human Development textbook)?

Back 28

General remembered outline of a familiar repeated event, used to guide behavior.

Front 29

What is episodic memory?

Back 29

Long-term memory of specific experiences or events, linked to time and place.

Front 30

What is autobiographical memory?

Back 30

Memory of specific events in one's life.

Front 31

What is the Social Interaction Model?

Back 31

Model based on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which proposes that children construct autobiographical memories through conversations with adults and shared events.
*Smart model, but fails to include memories which exist without the aid of adults, ex. some of my earliest memories.

Front 32

What are the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales?

Back 32

Individual intelligence tests for ages 2 and up used to measure fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory.

Front 33

What is the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Revised (WPPSI-III)?

Back 33

Individual intelligence test for children ages 2 and 1/2 to 7 that yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score.

Front 34

What is zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

Back 34

Vygotsky's term for the difference between what a child can do alone and what the child can do with help.

Front 35

What is scaffolding?

Back 35

Temporary support to help a child master a task.

Front 36

What is fast mapping?

Back 36

Process by which a child absorbs the meaning of a new word after hearing it once or twice in conversation.

Front 37

What is pragmatics?

Back 37

The practical knowledge needed to use language for communicative purposes.

Front 38

What is social speech?

Back 38

Speech intended to be understood by a listener.

Front 39

What is private speech?

Back 39

Talking aloud to oneself with no intent to communicate with others.

Front 40

What is emergent literacy?

Back 40

Preschooler's development of skills, kowledge, and attitudes that underlie reading and writing.