[17] Human Development (11Th Ed.) By Papalia

Front 1

What is ageism?

Back 1

Prejudice or discrimination against a person (most commonly an older person) based on age.

Front 2

What is primary aging?

Back 2

Gradual, inevitable process of bodily deterioration throughout the life span.

Front 3

What is secondary aging?

Back 3

Aging processes that result from disease and bodily abuse and disuse and are often preventable.

Front 4

What is functional age?

Back 4

Measure of a person's ability to function effectively in his or her physical and social environment in comparison with others of the same chronological age.

Front 5

What is gerontology?

Back 5

Study of the aged and the process of aging.

Front 6

What is geriatrics?

Back 6

Branch of medicine concerned with processess of aging and medical conditions associated with old age.

Front 7

What is life expectancy?

Back 7

Age to which a person in a particular cohort is statistically likely to live (given his or her current age and health status), on the basis of average longevity of a population.

Front 8

What is longevity (according to the Human Development Textbook)?

Back 8

Length of an individual's life.

Front 9

What is life span?

Back 9

The longest period that members of a species can live.

Front 10

What is senescence?

Back 10

Period of the life span marked by declines in physical functioning usually associated with aging; begins at different ages for different people.

Front 11

What are genetic-programming theories?

Back 11

Theories that explain biological aging as a resulting from a genetically determined developmental timetable.

Front 12

What are the 4 Genetic-Programming Theories illustrated in the Human Development Textbook?

Back 12

-Programmed senescence theory.
-Endocrine theory.
-Immunological theory.
-Evolutionary theory.

Front 13

What are variable-rate theories?

Back 13

Theories that explain biological aging as a result of processes that vary from person to person and are influenced by both the internal and the external environment; sometimes called "error theories."

Front 14

What are the 4 Variable-Rate Theories illustrated in the Human Development Textbook?

Back 14

-Wear-and-tear theory.
-Free-radical theory.
-Rate-of-living theory.
-Autoimmune theory.

Front 15

What is metabolism?

Back 15

Covnersion of food and oxygen into energy.

Front 16

What are free radicals?

Back 16

Unstable, highly reactive atoms or molecules, formed during metabolism, which can cause internal bodily damage.

Front 17

What is autoimmunity?

Back 17

Tendency of an aging body to mistake its own tissues for foreign invaders and to attack and destroy them.

Front 18

What are survival curves?

Back 18

Curves, plotted on a graph, showing percentages of a population that survive at each age level.

Front 19

What if the Hayflick limit?

Back 19

Genetically controlled limit, proposed by Hayflick, on the number of times cells can divide in members of a species.

Front 20

What is reseve capacity?

Back 20

Ability of body organs and systems to put forth four to ten times as much effort as usual under acute stress; also called "organ reserve."

Front 21

What are cataracts?

Back 21

Cloudy or opaque areas in the lens of the eye, which cause blurry vision.

Front 22

What is age-related macular degeneration?

Back 22

Condition in which the center of the retina gradually loses its ability to discern fine details; leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in older adults.

Front 23

What is glaucoma?

Back 23

Irreversible damage to the optic nerve caused by increased pressure in the eye.

Front 24

What are activities of daily living (ADLs)?

Back 24

Essential activities that support survival, such as eating, dressing, bathing, and getting around the house.

Front 25

What are instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)?

Back 25

Indicators of functioning well-being and of the ability to live independently.

Front 26

What is dementia?

Back 26

Deterioration in cognitive and behavioral functioning due to physiological causes.

Front 27

What is Alzheimer's disease?

Back 27

Progressive, irreversible, degenerative brain disorder characterized by cognitive deterioration and loss of control of bodily functions, leading to death.

Front 28

What is Parkinson's disease?

Back 28

Progressive, irreversible degenerative neurological disorder, characterized by tremor, stiffness, slowed movement, and unstable posture.

Front 29

What are neurofibrillary tangles?

Back 29

Twisted masses of protein fibers found in brains of persons with Alzheimer's disease.

Front 30

What is amyloid plaque?

Back 30

Waxy chunks of insoluble tissue found in brains of persons with Alzheimer's disease.

Front 31

What is cognitive reserve?

Back 31

Hypothesized fund of energy that may enable a deteriorating brain to continue to function normally.

Front 32

What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?

Back 32

Intelligence test for adults, which yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score.

Front 33

What is sensory memory?

Back 33

Initial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information.

Front 34

What is working memory?

Back 34

Short-term storage of information being actively processed.

Front 35

What is episodic memory?

Back 35

Long-term memory of specific experiences or events, linked to time and place.

Front 36

What is semantic memory?

Back 36

Long-term memory of general factual knowledge, social customs, and language.

Front 37

What is procedural memory?

Back 37

Long-term memory of motor skills, habits, and ways of doing things, which can be recalled without conscious effort; sometimes called "implicit memory."