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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most mammals (including humans) prefer the taste of fats to carbohydrates and proteins. Why?
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Fats deliver about twice the caloric value of either carbohydrates or protein.
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As the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) begins to kill the host's _____________________, the host's immune system begins to fail |
T helper cells
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On food packages, “insoluble fiber” refers to plant material that we can’t fully digest but is important for maintaining a healthy digestive tract. This substance refers to a(n): |
carbohydrate.
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Cytotoxic T cells kill many of their targets by promoting apoptosis. What is apoptosis? |
Cell suicide |
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Brain tumors (like most tumors) are generally the result of unstoppable cell division. Yet in adult humans, most neurons in the brain do not divide at all. How can these two facts be reconciled? |
Brain tumors are usually formed from GLIAL cells, the supporting cells of the brain, which divide regularly. |
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An action potential in the optic nerve triggered by light striking the eye is the same as: |
an action potential triggered by air vibrating in the ear. an action potential triggered by salt on the tongue. an action potential triggered by an odorous substance entering the nose |
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Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?
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Cell body |
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The three important functions of the lymphatic system are:
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recycling fluid, retrieving nutrients, fighting illness.
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The esophagus: |
moves food into the stomach via peristalsis.
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The most common form of arthritis is caused by: |
inflammation accompanying the reduction of cushioning tissue. |
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Simple animals with flat body shapes, such as flatworms, can survive without a special circulatory system. Which of the following statements explains this phenomenon |
Flatworms have all their cells located near central body branches or their body surface so that diffusion alone can transport important nutrients |
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What was the MOST important scientific advance gained from Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants? |
We learned that many traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the result of blending. |
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Which of the following types of animals are endotherms? |
Mammals |
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Red blood cells have 6 different genotypes. These genotypes result in how many different phenotypes? |
4 |
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The ABO blood type system in humans is an example of: |
Multiple alleles and codominance |
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In the sense that it regulates water and electrolyte balance, the shark's rectal gland is similar to the _____________ of terrestrial vertebrates |
Kidneys |
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Which of the following is NOT a homeostatic process? |
Dehydration |
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The neuron that transmits an impulse down its axon is called the ______________ cell. At the end of the axon, the electrical impulse is transferred into a chemical message in the form of ______________________ which then travels across the space between cells called the __________________. The cell that receives this message through its dendrites is called the _______________ cell. |
presynaptic; neurotransmitters; synaptic cleft; postsynaptic
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The nutrients needed in the human diet are lipids, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, and:
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minerals and water.
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Why don’t people develop immunity to the common cold?
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The rhinovirus that causes the common cold continuously changes and so cannot be recognized continuously by the immune system |
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All organisms need energy. What are the two fundamentally different ways that they can get it?
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They can make it themselves or they can eat other organisms for energy.
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Which of the following is not a well-known sense in the animal world? |
detection of X-rays
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In the colon: |
water is absorbed from the digestive tract, returning to the blood and tissues of the body Feces are formed |
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The brain is divided into which three main regions?
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Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain |
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Why do so many weight-loss diets fail to work?
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They focus on weight reduction, not body fat production |
