The Bill of Rights are rights given to the citizens that are not to be restricted by the federal government. The federal government references the 14th amendment to enforce clauses like, the equal protection clause which protects African Americans and the due process clause that allows for due process without intervention from the states.
The Bill of Rights was created to protect the minority so that majority didn’t become too powerful and rule the minority. Two examples of the tension between majority and minority rule are, Reynolds v. US which exemplifies the contrast of a minority in favor of polygamy but the majority reject it and Lemon v. Kurtzman which gives certain guidelines to be followed in order to be granted aid for religious