11. Caring Efficacy Scale
The original version, drafted in the late 1980s and refined for application in 1992, had 46 items that attempted to measure caring attitudes, skills, and behaviors on a six-point Likert scale with a self-report format. Since then the CES has undergone a series of additional testing and revision, resulting in the current 30-item self-report scale and a parallel 30-item form designed for use by nurse preceptors/supervisors to rate individual nurses. This additional research adds further credibility to the use of the tool in both clinical settings and educational program evaluation. (Wade, G. H., & Kasper, N. (2006). Nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring: an instrument based on Watson's Theory of Transpersonal …show more content…
The HCI was based on three major factors; The first factor is a theory of caring based on Howard’s holistic caring model, which includes people’s personal outlook on life, including adaptability (AD), and need for nurturance and contemplation (NU, CO). These three holistic model concepts were combined with patient expectations of nursing behaviors, which include information giving (C, cognitive), assisting with feelings (A, affective), effective verbal communication (IP, interpersonal), caring nonverbal communication (B, behavioral), and empathy about the patient’s current situation (PERC, perceptive ability). The third factor includes caring about the whole person while delivering holistic care. (Tirado, E. (2016). Exploring the Art of Nursing and Its Influence on Patient Satisfaction in Acute Care …show more content…
It was developed both as a means to evaluate the nurse and as a way to evaluate the care received from a physician, midwife, and/or nurse at the time a woman miscarries a child. This instrument is still being refined even though no changes have been reported since the previous edition of this book. The scale consists of 14 items constructed on a five-point Likert-type scale. Some of the items ask respondents whether the health care provider who provided care was informative, technically skilled, supportive, an attentive listener, clinically competent, and aware of the respondents’ feelings. Finally, the original theory from which the CPS emerged has been found by Swanson’s (1999) recent meta-analysis to validate the generalizability, or transferability, of Swanson’s caring theory beyond the perinatal contexts from which it was originally derived. It stands as a promising caring measurement that has both theoretical and empirical validity and clinical relevance across settings, populations, and health care professionals. (Vesga Gualdrón, L. M., & Ruiz de Cárdenas, C. H. (2016). Validez y confiabilidad de una escala de cuidado profesional en español. Avances en Enfermería, 34(1),
The original version, drafted in the late 1980s and refined for application in 1992, had 46 items that attempted to measure caring attitudes, skills, and behaviors on a six-point Likert scale with a self-report format. Since then the CES has undergone a series of additional testing and revision, resulting in the current 30-item self-report scale and a parallel 30-item form designed for use by nurse preceptors/supervisors to rate individual nurses. This additional research adds further credibility to the use of the tool in both clinical settings and educational program evaluation. (Wade, G. H., & Kasper, N. (2006). Nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring: an instrument based on Watson's Theory of Transpersonal …show more content…
The HCI was based on three major factors; The first factor is a theory of caring based on Howard’s holistic caring model, which includes people’s personal outlook on life, including adaptability (AD), and need for nurturance and contemplation (NU, CO). These three holistic model concepts were combined with patient expectations of nursing behaviors, which include information giving (C, cognitive), assisting with feelings (A, affective), effective verbal communication (IP, interpersonal), caring nonverbal communication (B, behavioral), and empathy about the patient’s current situation (PERC, perceptive ability). The third factor includes caring about the whole person while delivering holistic care. (Tirado, E. (2016). Exploring the Art of Nursing and Its Influence on Patient Satisfaction in Acute Care …show more content…
It was developed both as a means to evaluate the nurse and as a way to evaluate the care received from a physician, midwife, and/or nurse at the time a woman miscarries a child. This instrument is still being refined even though no changes have been reported since the previous edition of this book. The scale consists of 14 items constructed on a five-point Likert-type scale. Some of the items ask respondents whether the health care provider who provided care was informative, technically skilled, supportive, an attentive listener, clinically competent, and aware of the respondents’ feelings. Finally, the original theory from which the CPS emerged has been found by Swanson’s (1999) recent meta-analysis to validate the generalizability, or transferability, of Swanson’s caring theory beyond the perinatal contexts from which it was originally derived. It stands as a promising caring measurement that has both theoretical and empirical validity and clinical relevance across settings, populations, and health care professionals. (Vesga Gualdrón, L. M., & Ruiz de Cárdenas, C. H. (2016). Validez y confiabilidad de una escala de cuidado profesional en español. Avances en Enfermería, 34(1),