The Effects of Substrate Concentration and Temperature on a Catalase Reaction Rate Introduction Catalase is a vital component in the human body. The most crucial of which would be Enzymes, these are protein catalysts. A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction rate. Virtually all chemical reactions within the human body require a catalase enzyme to be completed in the proper amount of time.…
The hypothesis was proven wrong by the timing and values of the graph. I believe this was caused by the enzyme having to break apart a heightened amount of substrates in the mixed test tubes. This caused the initial data to yield a quicker reaction (on the basest of browning in color) compared to the altered data. The independent variable of this experiment was time, while the dependent variable was the color as the reaction is completely dependent on the duration of time. There were numerous potentially sources of error during this experiment.…
For this lab report we focused on the enzyme Tyrosinase, Tyrosinase is an enzyme that produces melanin from the amino acid tyrosine. Three different reactions were catalyzed by Tyrosinase; for the first reaction tyrosine is oxidized into DOPA by tyrosinase. Second, tyrosinase oxidizes DOPA to DOPAaquinone and the third reaction tyrosinase oxidizes DOPAquinone to DOPAchrome. The importance and meaning of the oxidation reactions is that DOPAchrome takes the position of a catalyst by DOPAchrome reacting to form melanin and the need catalyst is not…
Enzymes are effective by reducing the activation energy. The enzyme tyrosinase is located in melanocytes. These are cells that produce the pigment melanin. Melanin gives skin, eyes, and hair their color. Tyrosinase is a key factor in the first step of melanin production.…
Considering there was no temperature in trials between these two temperatures, it was determined that the optimal temperature for bacterial amylase ranges between 40° C and 55° C. Furthermore, Table 1.1 demonstrates no apparent enzyme function at 80° C, considering there was no color shade change as determined by the color shade values. Table 1.2 illustrates results that are alike for fungal amylase. Similar to bacterial amylase, the highest enzyme activity appeared to be at 55° C, considering the color shade value at that specific temperature was the lowest. Furthermore, unlike the bacterial amylase, the color values in table 1.2 demonstrate that the enzyme was functioning slightly at 80° C because there was a slight color…
The first piece of liver tested was we submerged it in boiling water for roughly five minutes, we got a zero reaction rate after testing it because the extreme heat totally changes the structure of the enzyme no longer having the catalase enzyme but something different. We also submerged a piece of liver in a beaker of ice and was submerged for roughly 5 minutes we then tested it and got a reaction rate of about 1 and a small amount of bubbles created because the low temperature slowed down the speed the reaction could happen. The last test for this part was we had liver in just warm water and then tested it and we had a reaction of about a 5 and a ton of bubble almost overflowing the test tube it's because the enzymes weren’t exposed to heat that could change them but heat that would speed the reaction. The last part of our lab part D was what does pH affect the catalase activity. Our first test tube had a basic solution with a pH of 10 and the reaction rate was about a 4.…
the Figure 7 graph of the rate of reaction vs. the temperature; as the temperature rises the reaction pH; as the temperature rises the…
(Test tube 5 with Test tube 1, Test tube 6 with test tube 2, etc.) 17. Please do this one by one and measure in cm how high the foam rises at its highest peak; Record your data. Data: Label…
Enzymes Two major factors influence how effective an enzyme is by promoting the rate of reaction. Each enzyme has a specific temperature that allows it to perform the most work. If an enzyme is placed in an environment under its optimal functioning temperature, the speed of the reaction will slow. Reason being, the molecules of the reactants reduce in energy from the low temperature, less movement means less reactions with the enzymes. At higher temperatures, molecules within an enzyme increase in rate.…
When a blank containing boiled (denatured) enzyme instead of an active enzyme could be used but it would not be the better blank to use in this experiment. The better blank solution would have been the one with active enzyme because it would cause the spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance of every component in the blank except the substrate, creating a 100% transmittance. This allow the spectrophotometer to read everything that was not in the blank when the actual sample is inserted in because it would “blank” out all the components in the “blank” solution and only read the “uncommon” component. With the active enzyme, the spectrophotometer would “blank” out the enzyme and only read the substrate absorbance because according to the lab…
The American Cancer Society estimates that skin cancer is the most prevalent of all cancers with over 2 million cases of non-melanoma skin cancer each year and 75,000 melanoma cases in 2012**. Melanoma is one of themost serious consequences of skin cancer where melanocytesproliferate actively with enhanced accumulation of melaninpigment leading to hyperpigmentation and tumor formation. Up-regulated levels oftyrosinase enzyme appear to be correlated to with greater production and accumulation of melanin which induces skin cancer. Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) is an oxygen oxidoreductase enzyme involved in vertebrate cutaneous pigmentation, browning of fruits and vegetables, and morphogenesis and fruiting body formation in fungi.…
Discussion: The specific purpose for this study was to see how enzyme activity would change as there was a change in temperature and pH. Both temperature and pH were hypothesized to have an affect on enzyme activity. Each had an optimal temperature. At this point, the rate of enzyme activity would stop increasing and begin to decrease. For temperature, it was hypothesized that the optimal temperature would be 48°C.…
However, when the substrate concentration was increased, the intensity of color stopped increasing due to the enzymes being unable to to process at a faster rate. All of the alternate hypothesizes were supported; in the experiments, section one (with Figure 1) had an optimal temperature at approximately 24°C; section two (with Figure 2) had an optimal pH at approximately pH8; in section 3 (with Figure 3) the color continued to increase with the addition of more enzymes; and in section 4 (with Figure 4) the color continued to increase until it reached a maximum velocity with the addition of more substrates. One desired retrial for the experiment would be to test for more points after 20 drops of potato juice in Figure 3. Understanding the effects of how these properties alter the ability of the catecholase enzyme could allow for better insight into decreasing time needed for biochemical reactions, proper food storage, and the condition of…
By calculating the rate of reaction and studying the effects of varied conditions on the reaction, a great deal can be learnt about the enzyme, including how the enzyme could be inhibited, the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme etc. One of the most well-known ways to look at enzyme kinetics is the Michaelis-Menton equation, which relates reaction rate (V) to concentration of substrate ([S]). Its equation can be used to work out the maximum rate of reaction of the system (Vmax) and the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half of Vmax (Km, also known as the Michaelis constant). Michaelis-Menton shows that the rate of reaction is dependent of the rate of formation of the enzyme-substrate complex and rate of formation of the product. This means that in the enzyme assay, the rate of reaction is dependent on the formation of NAD+ from NADH (Scopes, R.,…
Introduction: Enzymes have a huge effect on the human body and other organisms. Enzymes are catalysts that are used to accelerate the reaction process by lowering the activation energy. For this experiment the catechol oxidase was extracted from potatoes. The enzyme is called catechol oxidase because the oxygen is reacting to catechol. Catechol oxidase causes the browning of the fruits and vegetables because the compound is toxic to the bacteria.…