The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of change states that change is a process involving progress through a series of stages. There are six stages in this model: Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. According to Ziaaddini, Ebrahim-Nejad, and Nakhaee (2013), prior to the study, all participants undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) completed the Family Assessment Device and the Marital Conflict Questionnaire. Then, the 48 opioid dependent individuals were randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group. While both groups continued receiving medications, the intervention group had the addition of group therapy following the TTM. The 29 sessions were split into 2 phases. The six
