Literature review
It is a stark reality that as people age, their cognitive abilities tend to decrease, including memory capabilities. At the present, scholars have identified three types of memory stores: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Memory includes primarily three processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Additionally, in order to these processes occur favorably, attention to the information or stimuli presented is vital (Garrett, 2011; Sternberg, 2009). The LTM storage depends largely on the ability of the STM to retain information. Particularly, STM is one of the most researched topics in cognitive psychology. Almost every process of cognition depends on STM: reasoning, problem solving, and learning …show more content…
Moreover, researchers have suggested that listening to music itself is a rewarding activity (Gebauer et al., 2012). Moreover, there are a large number of studies indicating that music can enhance individuals’ mood and arousal, and consequently improve positive effects of on various cognitive tasks. Some studies suggest that previous exposure to classical music (Vivaldy’s “Spring Concerto” and Mozart’ “Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major, K448”) can temporarily enhance cognitive performance: digit span and phonemic fluency (Mammarella, Fairfield, & Cornoldi, 2007), and spatial abilities (Rauscher, Show, & Ky 1995; Thompson, Schellenburg, & Husain, 2001). Two hypotheses that might serve to explain these phenomena are the Mozart effect, and the arousal-mood …show more content…
Furthermore, this theory can also serve to explain why the Mozart effect takes place (Thompson et al., 2001). Studies have found that listening to music can incite change in emotion and moods, and simultaneously activate several brain areas (Bigliassi, León-Domínguez, & Altimari, 2015; Brown, Martinez, & Parsons, 2004; Deason, Simmons-Stern, Frustace, Ally, & Budson, 2012; Gebauer et al., 2012; Mitterschiffthaler, Fu, Dalton, Andrew, & Williams, 2007). Results of the studies conducted by Thompson et al. (2001) not only showed that participants exposed to the Mozart condition performed better on spatial tasks compared to the other conditions (Albioni and silent), these participants also showed different levels of arousal and mood evoked by the Mozart excerpt: they scored considerably higher on positive mood and arousal, and notably lower on negative mood, compared to those in the other
It is a stark reality that as people age, their cognitive abilities tend to decrease, including memory capabilities. At the present, scholars have identified three types of memory stores: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Memory includes primarily three processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Additionally, in order to these processes occur favorably, attention to the information or stimuli presented is vital (Garrett, 2011; Sternberg, 2009). The LTM storage depends largely on the ability of the STM to retain information. Particularly, STM is one of the most researched topics in cognitive psychology. Almost every process of cognition depends on STM: reasoning, problem solving, and learning …show more content…
Moreover, researchers have suggested that listening to music itself is a rewarding activity (Gebauer et al., 2012). Moreover, there are a large number of studies indicating that music can enhance individuals’ mood and arousal, and consequently improve positive effects of on various cognitive tasks. Some studies suggest that previous exposure to classical music (Vivaldy’s “Spring Concerto” and Mozart’ “Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major, K448”) can temporarily enhance cognitive performance: digit span and phonemic fluency (Mammarella, Fairfield, & Cornoldi, 2007), and spatial abilities (Rauscher, Show, & Ky 1995; Thompson, Schellenburg, & Husain, 2001). Two hypotheses that might serve to explain these phenomena are the Mozart effect, and the arousal-mood …show more content…
Furthermore, this theory can also serve to explain why the Mozart effect takes place (Thompson et al., 2001). Studies have found that listening to music can incite change in emotion and moods, and simultaneously activate several brain areas (Bigliassi, León-Domínguez, & Altimari, 2015; Brown, Martinez, & Parsons, 2004; Deason, Simmons-Stern, Frustace, Ally, & Budson, 2012; Gebauer et al., 2012; Mitterschiffthaler, Fu, Dalton, Andrew, & Williams, 2007). Results of the studies conducted by Thompson et al. (2001) not only showed that participants exposed to the Mozart condition performed better on spatial tasks compared to the other conditions (Albioni and silent), these participants also showed different levels of arousal and mood evoked by the Mozart excerpt: they scored considerably higher on positive mood and arousal, and notably lower on negative mood, compared to those in the other