Species formed a family with related kin but they have always lived along with both related and unrelated kin in the evolutionary history. From eusociality to primates there is a need for cooperation, form alliance, friendship, and help each other in order to survive starvation, establish a colony, and reproduction. In human and non-human species, the ancestors formed friendship/alliance even though there were some costs to them such as fighting for your friends and sharing resources. Evolved psychological mechanisms (EPM) along with other useful traits were passed down to solve a specific problem of survival or reproduction of a species. In the paper there will be discussions of ant queens form alliances and then become enemies, humans and
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Whereas in the case of non-humans like bonobos having a friend will increase his chance of mating with the female. In the ancestral environments, where men hunted large animals for meat and hunting was risky especially when hunted large animals, therefore the ancestral men most likely hunted in a group (Lewis, 2011). Male to male friendship in our ancestors was made through cooperation in hunting and their willingness to reciprocate a favor to a friend which led to success in friendship. Not only did men need a friends when hunting, but a man can learn warfare-related skills from other men (Lewis, …show more content…
Lewis (2011) pointed out that ancestral men who could not form friendships with men with the characteristics to cooperate, in hunting large game, or willingness to reciprocate the favor would be outcompeted by the other men who can form friends. However, helping others will require time and energy. An individual will need to set aside time to help others when they needed his help, for example, when a friend wanted to hunt a large animal, whether you feel like going or not you have to go because he probably help you before so it is time to help him in return. In the case of bonobos, when a male needs to mate with a female that was acquired by another rival male. His friend will need to chase away that rival male away or physically fight with that male so his friend can mate with that female. The friend might obtain injury during the
Whereas in the case of non-humans like bonobos having a friend will increase his chance of mating with the female. In the ancestral environments, where men hunted large animals for meat and hunting was risky especially when hunted large animals, therefore the ancestral men most likely hunted in a group (Lewis, 2011). Male to male friendship in our ancestors was made through cooperation in hunting and their willingness to reciprocate a favor to a friend which led to success in friendship. Not only did men need a friends when hunting, but a man can learn warfare-related skills from other men (Lewis, …show more content…
Lewis (2011) pointed out that ancestral men who could not form friendships with men with the characteristics to cooperate, in hunting large game, or willingness to reciprocate the favor would be outcompeted by the other men who can form friends. However, helping others will require time and energy. An individual will need to set aside time to help others when they needed his help, for example, when a friend wanted to hunt a large animal, whether you feel like going or not you have to go because he probably help you before so it is time to help him in return. In the case of bonobos, when a male needs to mate with a female that was acquired by another rival male. His friend will need to chase away that rival male away or physically fight with that male so his friend can mate with that female. The friend might obtain injury during the