The fourth model is The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) developed to deal with public policy problems (Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith 1988, 1993, 1999). It focuses on the interaction of advocacy coalitions. Policy change is considered to be a product of the competition and interaction between these coalitions. The most useful unit of analysis in the ACF is the policy subsystem rather than any particular political institution or organization. Various private and non-private actors in the subsystem seek to influence and change the direction of the policy in any given area. The policy sub system is made up of actors with three levels of shared belief. These are deep core – basic normative beliefs such as the relative valuation of individual freedom
