Superbug Bacteria Research Paper

Superior Essays
The Tragedy We Created: Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
Antibiotic resistant bacteria, commonly known as superbugs, take credit for 700,000 fatalities every year. Out of the 700,000 annual deaths, 23,000 took place in the United States. Superbugs, defined as bacteria resistant to medication, exists as a festering boil on the face of modern medicine. Patients, doctors, and farmers alike play a role in allowing bacteria to have the upper-hand (The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis). Now more than ever, it is of the upmost importance that each key player in the superbug skirmish arm themselves with knowledge and information to win the war before it is too late.
The development of superbug bacteria began in the early 1940s with the discovery and expansion of the first antibiotic, penicillin (Discovery and Development of Penicillin). Each time a patient takes an antibiotic, the majority of the target microorganisms are
…show more content…
Medical doctors descend into the second group of individuals responsible for the superbug war. Physicians prescribe 262.5 million courses of antibiotics annually in the United States or five prescriptions for every six people (Measuring Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing). Several components attribute to the gigantic number of antibiotics prescribed across the country. First, the rate of misdiagnoses concerning bacterial and viral infections escalated in the last ten years. A study published by the Centers for Disease Control stated that one in three antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary (CDC: 1 in 3 antibiotic prescriptions unnecessary). This statistic transforms into a distress signal for the medical community. The higher number of patients taking unwarranted antibiotics translates into more opportunities for bacteria to share their resistant genome with the next

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Funding is essential to this so it is important that funding is increased and maintained in the area to support work into finding solutions to antibiotic resistance. From 2010-2014 the spending by the National Institute of Health on antibiotic resistance was $1.7 billion compared to $26.5 billion spent on cancer research (13). This disproportionate allocation of funding demonstrates that, whereas cancer is very important, antibiotic resistance is receiving far too little attention. This imbalance suggests that because the effects of this problem are more subtle they draw less attention. This shows that there is not appropriate focus on antibiotic resistance which is a very important issue that will only worsen without more…

    • 723 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    She began stating, “ Predictions that we might sacrifice the antibiotic miracle have been around almost as long as the drug themselves.” Then, McKenna introduced a Nobel Prize in (Medicine) winner, Alexander Fleming, to solidify her idea that “bacteria would develop defense against the compounds...” then continues to explain why no action was taken against antibiotics.( McKenna 189) So, the use of antibiotics began to grow, because the public would not take value in this miracle drug, and immediately became immensely overused as displayed in the beginning of the original form of antibiotics, “penicillin- resistant staph emerged in the 1940’s...” followed by six different forms of antibiotics that were also developed, then resisted by human body 's shortly after. (McKenna…

    • 772 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    What comes to your mind when you get sick? Do you recall that little capsule that you drink? That little capsule is an antibiotic. It is accountable for over 2 million reported cases of superbug infections worldwide and 23,000 lives that are taken away from their beloved annually (Slaughter 1). Have you ever imagined that a small cut on your finger could possibly take away your life in the future? Carlos Don, a 12-year-old kid, was hospitalized for 49 days after his parents gave him antibiotics without following proper instructions. His cardiovascular system and other organs were so severely damaged that he could only breathe with a ventilator (Clemmitt 1). As we enter the era with cutting-edge medical advancements, we seek to take medicine…

    • 188 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Antibiotic resistant bacteria are bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotics that at one time were able to kill them. It is a growing issue in today’s society especially since it is unknown how these microbes are able to mutate around a treatment that was once lethal to them. The consensus in the healthcare community is that these microbes will be an increasing threat until a solution is found. There is still discussion and controversy over the best method of identification and infection control that should be put into practice to prevent the spread of multidrug resistant bacteria. However, the most prevalent controversy surrounding this topic seems to be over how the taxpayer’s money is best spent related to new treatment of these microbes,…

    • 513 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Research on healthcare-associated infections is an ongoing process and is something that microbiologists are diligently working on to find out how to stop these resistant bacteria. By finding out how these bacteria are becoming more and more resistant to outside sources we will find out how to better stop them. Through research, we have already found that it is very important for healthcare workers to wash their hands in between patients and that we carry bacteria in and on our bodies at all times. Resistant bacteria have now become a public health safety issue and any research that is being done to stop this is for the better of man-kind. It is my hope that the next major break-through in health-care associated infections is for microbiologists to find out how to kill these “superbugs” and make them less resilient in the havoc that they have been releasing on humanity. This may be in a new, stronger antibiotic that is able to disarm and kill these…

    • 1041 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    During the 1920’s a scientist named Alexander Fleming was working as the professor of bacteriology in London at St. Mary's Hospital. Alexander was working on staphylococcus and had left some on the table which got contaminated. Later a colony was spotted in one of the samples resembling a white fluffy mass which multiplied rapidly and caused the staphylococcus to become transparent. Weeks later the bacteria had exhibited antibacterial properties and was especially effective on pathogenic strains. This would urge fleming to bring this to other universities and further research.…

    • 1254 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As the American populous swayed with the beat of the Big Band era, so did pharmacology sway into action with the upbeat tone of the dawning antibiotic era. Antibiotics are medicine, such as penicillin or its derivatives, that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms. The discovery and development of new antibiotics in the 40’s changed the way people lived by advancing the way infections and diseases were treated, the way live stock was grown, and the improvement of the quality of life in the United States.…

    • 777 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Antibiotic resistance (AR) is where formerly effective medications are having less and less impact on bacteria. The few gram-negative AR resistant bacteria discussed were MERSA resistant staph, KPC, and the NDM1 enzyme with its gene found on 11 different bacterias. Alexander Fleming, founder of the first antibiotic even warned us about this very thing. Now more than ever there is an increasing urgency to find an answer to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. However many companies have either shut down or turned away from production of antibiotics because it's not a money maker and cost billions to have the drug put on market. The few stories told through Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria shows us the very scary…

    • 237 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    ‘Revenge of the microbes’ by Abigail A. Salyer and co-author Dixie D. Whitt are both professors in the department of Microbiology at the University of Illinois. After thorough research by the professors, this great piece was published. This masterpiece, happens to be a reliable source for mere educative information about the microbiological world we find ourselves in but it could also be used as a good source for rich information about the activities of microbes and the role they play in our daily activities, and how microbes like bacteria are rapidly resisting to antibacterial treatment giving them the title “superbugs”. This book happens to singly answer questions average persons might ask about microbes and antibiotics, from their discovery to how they are managing to adapt and resist to the miracles antibiotics performed even on our soldiers during the World War II.…

    • 547 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Why Germs Are Bad

    • 815 Words
    • 4 Pages

    For this type of study, scientists usually place bacteria in a liquid growth medium — food, essentially — within a bottle-like flask. Then they jiggle the flask. This makes the bacteria slosh around. Over time, they run into everything in the liquid. Those that adapt to any drugs will eventually grow more quickly, and eventually outnumber all other germs in the flask.…

    • 815 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    One of the most well known bacterial diseases is strep throat, which is caused by the streptococcal bacteria. To cure strep, most doctors would prescribe antibiotics. However, without the discovery of penicillin, strep would still be a very dangerous infection. Penicillin is an antibiotic from the mold penicillium notam, and works by indirectly breaking down a bacteria’s cell walls. The drug prevents a protein from repairing holes in the wall, and by osmosis, water rushes in and the bacteria explodes. This quickly destroys bacterial infections, which is why it is so popularly used and among one of the most well known antibiotics(Newman). However, it was only discovered through luck, and without it, many discoveries would not have happened and…

    • 870 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The 19th century experienced one of the most drastic impact of infectious disease worldwide (Jones et al., 2012; Preston and Haines, 2014). The annual mortality rate from infectious disease was in excess of 13 million (WHO, 1998; Dye, 2014). Evidently, infectious diseases which are a group of communicable disease caused by pathogenic micro-organisms (WHO, 2008), continue to wreck great havoc to health and well–being. Bacterial disease such as pneumonia, diarrhoea and tuberculosis was responsible for about 50% of recorded mortality from infectious diseases in the 19th century (WHO, 1999; Cohen, 2000). Balsalobre et al. (2013) classified the history of bacterial diseases into three important eras: the pre-antibiotic era, the antibiotic era and the antibiotic resistant era. The control of bacterial infections in the early 20th century was largely driven by improvement in sanitation, supply of clean water, development of vaccines and discovery of…

    • 1526 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Penicillin Research Paper

    • 418 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Penicillin is one of the earliest discovered and used medicine. Originally the Penicillium mold, the mold that penicillin is derived from, was discovered by a French medical student, Ernest Duchesne in 1896. But then was re-discovered by Alexander Fleming which it states in the Article “The History of Penicillin”, “Penicillin was re-discovered by bacteriologist Alexander Fleming working at St.Mary’s Hospital in London in 1928.” After its re-discovery penicillin was tested to see if it could be used on humans. However, the research could not be conducted in Europe due to all government funding being spent on the war. So they turned to the Americans for help and in 1941, Dr. Howard Florey and his three colleagues came to the U.S to begin their experiments. By November 26,1941 they had successfully made penicillin to be used on the wounded soldiers…

    • 418 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Since the 1940,s, antimicrobial drugs, such as antibiotics, have been effectively used to cure patients with infectious diseases. Over time, however, many pathogens have evolved to resist the drugs that were designed to destroy them, making the products increasingly ineffective. This happens because the bacteria adapt to the environment due to natural selection. Then bacteria with the resistant genotype will reproduce and spread. Drug resistant pathogens are linked with the over prescription of antibiotics, as well as missing doses when taking antibiotics.[28] Inappropriate use of antibiotics has been linked to a number of causes, including people insisting antibiotics, doctors prescribing them because they do not have time to explain why they are not necessary, and doctors not knowing when to prescribe antibiotics or being too careful about prescribing them. At least one third of people believe that antibiotics are effective for the flu, and it is the most common reason antibiotics are prescribed even though they are ineffective against viruses. If we continue to overuse antibiotics, diseases that are currently treatable will become incurable and millions of people will die as a result of this. Society can prevent infections from becoming incurable in the future by not overusing antibiotics, finishing antibiotics even if the infection is gone and not using…

    • 1222 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Antibiotics were created in order to fight off bacterial infections in the body, in the early 1940’s. According to, A Brief History of Antibiotics, “Alexander Fleming, was the first scientist to discover one of the first antibiotics known as penicillin” (BBC…

    • 1087 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays