John Bowlby was a psychologist who was influenced by Sigmund Freud and developed the Attachment theory. Bowlby believed in monotropy and stated that children should only have one caregiver which is usually the mother. He further explained that forming multiple attachments for a child or not having an attachment with their mother would lead to long term behavioural problems in later life. (simplypsychology.org). Similarly, he stated that an attachment must occur within the first 3 years of a child’s life, which he described as the ‘critical period’ and he also explained that the attachment should not be broken within the first 5 years of a child’s life (referred to as the ‘sensitive period’) or this could lead to maternal deprivation.
Bowlby …show more content…
She stated these types have different effects on children and argued that the democratic parents were the best for a child’s life outcome and these children are less likely to become criminals. The parenting styles were supported by Howe (1995) who quoted “Most children who regularly commit crimes or drink excessively or exhibit seriously unacceptable social behaviour have suffered disturbed relationships during childhood.” On the contrary, how a child behaves and reacts when its mother arrives and leaves cannot be the only factor to explain how good the attachment is. A child and mother who are not stressed are more likely to have a secure attachment. (Field, 1996, …show more content…
For example, if a child who had a good upbringing lives in a crime ridden area, then more than likely they will participate in criminal activity regardless of their upbringing. (Personalityresearch.org, 2015). This is because children will look up to their social peer groups rather than their own parents. (Harris, 1998).
Bowlby states that multiple attachments are harmful to children however, children are able to have attachments to other people and live a healthy crime free life. (Field, 1996, p. 544). Additionally, children can form primary attachments to others than their mothers and attachments can occur outside of the critical period as many people form attachments during adolescence. To support this, a study conducted by Hodges & Tizard (1989) illustrated that children could form attachments outside of the critical period stage.
Furthermore, after around 8 months, infants formed attachments to other people whilst only 13% of infants were attached to only one caregiver. (Schaffer & Emerson, 1964). The attachment styles explained by Ainsworth, have been shown for other attachment figures and not just to the mothers. (Rutter, 1978). Rutter also argued that Bowlby did not recognise the difference between maternal deprivation and privation stating that the quality of a bond is more important than a broken
Bowlby …show more content…
She stated these types have different effects on children and argued that the democratic parents were the best for a child’s life outcome and these children are less likely to become criminals. The parenting styles were supported by Howe (1995) who quoted “Most children who regularly commit crimes or drink excessively or exhibit seriously unacceptable social behaviour have suffered disturbed relationships during childhood.” On the contrary, how a child behaves and reacts when its mother arrives and leaves cannot be the only factor to explain how good the attachment is. A child and mother who are not stressed are more likely to have a secure attachment. (Field, 1996, …show more content…
For example, if a child who had a good upbringing lives in a crime ridden area, then more than likely they will participate in criminal activity regardless of their upbringing. (Personalityresearch.org, 2015). This is because children will look up to their social peer groups rather than their own parents. (Harris, 1998).
Bowlby states that multiple attachments are harmful to children however, children are able to have attachments to other people and live a healthy crime free life. (Field, 1996, p. 544). Additionally, children can form primary attachments to others than their mothers and attachments can occur outside of the critical period as many people form attachments during adolescence. To support this, a study conducted by Hodges & Tizard (1989) illustrated that children could form attachments outside of the critical period stage.
Furthermore, after around 8 months, infants formed attachments to other people whilst only 13% of infants were attached to only one caregiver. (Schaffer & Emerson, 1964). The attachment styles explained by Ainsworth, have been shown for other attachment figures and not just to the mothers. (Rutter, 1978). Rutter also argued that Bowlby did not recognise the difference between maternal deprivation and privation stating that the quality of a bond is more important than a broken