Susan Cirone
US History
03/01
The Union victory in the Civil War abolished 4 million slaves all over USA, but the African Americans faced a new set obstacles and injustices during the Reconstruction era (1865-1877). In 1865, the 13th Amendment officially prohibited the institution of slavery. In 1865 and 1866, President Andrew Johnson and the white southerners created a series of preventive laws known as “black codes. The Black Codes were laws agreed by Southern states, after the Civil War, some were passed with less cruelty in the North. These laws had the focus of restricting African Americans' freedom, and making them work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. During the the colonial period, colonies