Our 13-year old son is an active member of our religious community and fully understands the risks of refusing and receiving a blood transfusion. In fact, at the end of his first visit with the pediatric cardiologist, our son presented her with his advance directive outlining acceptable alternatives to a blood transfusion knowing that surgery was imminent (Ganjoo, Panday, Chawla, Tandon, & Sharma, 2011). The alternatives include crystalloids, colloids, recombinant erythropoietin (EPO), artificial blood substitutes, and intraoperative cell salvage. At that time, the physician did not seem to have any objections to our child’s decision and now threatening to refuse performing the life-saving
Our 13-year old son is an active member of our religious community and fully understands the risks of refusing and receiving a blood transfusion. In fact, at the end of his first visit with the pediatric cardiologist, our son presented her with his advance directive outlining acceptable alternatives to a blood transfusion knowing that surgery was imminent (Ganjoo, Panday, Chawla, Tandon, & Sharma, 2011). The alternatives include crystalloids, colloids, recombinant erythropoietin (EPO), artificial blood substitutes, and intraoperative cell salvage. At that time, the physician did not seem to have any objections to our child’s decision and now threatening to refuse performing the life-saving